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正文 第65节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.twity,theenglishddleclasses

    usedthehouseofnsastheirfirstlineofdefence

    againstthisabuseoftheroyalpiveinandthekiparliantaboutitsownbusiness.

    elevenlongyears,charlesiruledalone.heleviedtaxes

    ostpeardedasillegalandhenagedhis

    britishkingdosifithadbeenhisoryestate.he

    hadcapableassistantsandustsaythathehadtheurage

    ofhisnvis.

    unfortunately,insteadofassuringhielfofthesupport

    ofhisfaithfulsttishsubjects,charlesbevolvedin

    aquarreluchagainsthis

    forcedbyhisneedforreadycash,charles

    lastobligedtoore.ittin

    aprilof1640andshoper.itwasdissolved

    afeentnvenedinnoveer.

    thisoneeers

    uoodthatthequestionof``goventbydivine

    rightoventbyparliantstbefoughtout

    foodandall.theyattackedthekinginhischiefuncillors

    aheyannouhat

    theyselvestobedissolvedhouttheir

    ober1,1641,theypresented

    tothekinga``graranceailed

    aanygrievahepeopleagainsttheirruler.

    esupportforhisoy

    irydistricts,leftlondoninjanuaryof1642.each

    sideanisedanarandpreparedforopenween

    theabsolutepohecroheabsolutepower

    ofparliant.duringthisstruggle,thestpowerfulreligious

    elentofengland,calledthepuritans,theywere

    anglisost

    absolutelits,entsof

    ``godlyn,ndedbyolivercrotheir

    irondiscipliheirprofoundnfideheholinessof

    theirai,soohe

    opposition.ted.afterthebattle

    ofnaseby,in1645,hefledtostland.thest

    totheenglish.

    therefueandanuprising

    ofthestchpresbyteriansagainsttheenglishpuritan.

    inaugustoftheyear1648afterthethreedaysbattleof

    prestonpans,crodeaothissendcivilwar,

    andtookedinburgh.aniredoffurther

    talkandedhoursiousdebate,haddecidedtoact

    ontheiroovedfroarliantall

    thoseagreehtheiroanviehereupon

    the``ru,ent,

    accusedthekingofhightreason.thehouseoflords

    refusedtositasatribunal.aspecialtribunaled

    andithekingtodeath.ohofjanuary

    oftheyear1649,kingcharleslyoutofawindow

    ofehallontothescaffold.thatday,thesn

    people,agthroughtheirchosenrepresentatives,forthe

    firsttiexecutedarulerouandhisown

    positioniate.

    theperiodhedeathofcharlesisusually

    firsttheunofficialdictator

    ofengland,headelordprotectorintheyear

    1653.heruledfiveyears.heusedthisperiodtontinue

    thepoliorebecathearch

    eneofenglandaional

    andsacredissue.

    therceofenglandaerestsofthetraders

    hingelse,aestantcreedof

    thestrictestnatureaintained.inintaining

    englandspositionabroad,croessful.asa

    soer,hoheworldis

    deupofanuerofpeopleandtheyrarelythinkalike.

    inthelongrun,thisseeaveryent

    ofandbyandforonesioftheey

    otpossiblysurvive.thepuritanshadbee

    forcefoodheytriedtorrecttheabuseofthe

    royalpoe

    intolerable.

    atterforthe

    stuartstoretutotheiroldkingdoiheywere

    edas``deliverersbythepeoplehe

    yokeoftheekpuritansquiteashardtobearasthatofautocratic

    kingcharles.providedthestuartset

    aboutthedivinerightoftheirlateandlaher

    ahe

    peopleprosedthattheyhfulsubjects.

    takeasuccessofthis.

    butthestuartsapparentlyhadheir

    lessonandodroptheirbadhabits.charlesii,

    ebatheyear1660,iablebuthless

    person.hisindolendhisnstitutionalinsistenceupon

    folloheeasiesturse,togetherhhisnspicuoussuccess

    asaliar,preventedabreakbetselfand

    hispeople.bytheaityin1662hebrokethe

    poen

    froheirparishes.bythesocalledicleactof

    1664hetriedtopreventthedissentersfrottendingreligious

    etingsbyathreatofdeportationtotheihis

    lookedtoochlikethegoodolddaysofdivineright.people

    begantoshopatience,

    andparliantsuddenlyexperienceddifficultyinproviding

    thekinghfunds.

    sinoneyfro,

    charlesborrohisneighbourandusin

    kinglouisoffrance.hebetrayedhisprotestantalliesin

    retufor200,000poundsperyear,andlaughedatthepoor

    siletonsofparliant.

    enodependencesuddenlygavethekifaith

    inhisoanyyearsofexileang

    hiscatholicrelationsandhehadasecretlikingfortheir

    religion.perhapsheuldbringenglandbaehe

    passedadeclarationofindulgenceheold

    lathecatholiddissehishappenedjust

    ese

    aanireet

    peoplebegantofearsoterriblepopishplot.ane

    ofueheland.stofthepeopleedtoprevent

    abreakofcivilroyaloppression

    andacatholic

    ...
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