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www.192.tw栗子网
www.lizi.twarforthefateofthosetheyleftbehind.h
illachild,uredtosailpastthe
northcapeandoneofhiscaptains,richardcellor,pushing
furthereastofapossibleroadtotheindies,
hadreachedargel,russia,ablished
diplotidrcialrelationsysteriousrulers
ofthisdistantsviteeire.duringthefirstyearsof
elizabethsrulethisvoyagehadbeenfolloany
others.rtadventurers,hebeofa
``jointstoyhadlaidthefoundationsoftrading
panieselonies.
halfpirate,halfdiplot,ostakeeverythingona
singleluugglersofeverythingthatuldbe
loadedintotheholdofavessel,dealersinnandrdise
hequalindiffereoeverythingexcepttheirprofit,the
sailorsofelizabethhadcarriedtheenglishflagandthefa
oftheirvirgihefourersofthesevenseas.
anshakespearekeptherjestyasedat
ho,abrainsaofenglaed
pttogethefeudaliance
ofhenryviiiintoadenationalstate.
intheyear1603theoldladydiedattheageofseventy.
herusin,thegreatgrandsonofheroherhenry
viiandsonofrystuart,herrivalandene,succeeded
herasjasi.bythegraselfthe
rulerofauntryhefateofitsal
rivals.heeuropeanprotestantsandcatholicswere
killiobreakthepowerof
theiradversariesaablishtheexclusiveruleoftheirown
particularcreed,engla
leisureesofeitherlutheror
loyola.itgavetheislandkingdonenorusadvantagein
theingstruggleforlonialpossessions.itassuredengland
aleadershipiionalaffairshatuntry
hasintaiilthepresentday.hedisastrous
adventurealdevelopnt.
thestuarts,hetudors,were``fners
inengland.theydonotseeohaveappreciatedoruood
thisfact.thenativehouseoftudoruldstealahorse,
butthe``fnstuartsalloolookatthe
bridlehoutcausipopulardisapproval.oldqueen
besshadruledherdoinsverychasshepleased.in
generalhoeant
hepocketofthehoandotherish
rts.hehequeenhadbeenalhe
allliberties
takeherightsandprerogativesofparliant
heulteriorbesh
herjestysstrongandsuccessfulfn
policies.
outesntihesapolicy.buthe
laypical
ofhisgreatpredeertiobe
enuraged.thecatholicsgrantedanyliberties.
butiledpleasantlyuponenglandinaneffort
toestablishpeaesileback.
thejorityoftheenglishpeopledidnotlikethis,but
jasheirkingandtheykeptquiet.
soonthereesand
hisson,charlesi,intheyear1625both
firybelievedintheprincipleoftheir``divinerightto
adheirrealstheythoughtfithoutnsultingthe
heirsubjects.theideanehepopes,
orethanonehesuccessorsofthe
roneerorsorratheroftheronierialidealof
asingleandundividedstateveriireknownworld,
hadalselvesandhadbeenpubliclyregnised
asthe``viceregentsofchristupoh.noone
questioherightofgodtorulethe.
asanaturalresult,feuredtodoubttherightofthe
divine``viethingandtodendthe
obedienassesbecausehehedirectrepresentative
oftheabsoluteruleroftheuniverseandresponsible
onlytoalghtygod.
ationprovedsuccessful,those
rightserlyhadbeeedinthepapacywere
takehenyeuropeansnse
protestants.asheadoftheiroionalordynastic
churchestheyinsisteduponbeing``christsviceregents
itoftheiroerritory.thepeopledidnotquestion
therightoftheirrulerstotakesuchastep.theyaccepted
it,justastheideaofarepresentative
systetheonlyreasonableandjust
fovent.itisunfairthereforetostatethateither
lutheranisrcalvinisausedtheparticularfeelingof
irritationessoftandloudlyrepeated
assertionofhis``divineright.theresthavebeenother
groundsfenuineenglishdisbeliefinthedivineright
ofkings.
thefirstpositivedenialofthe``divinerightofsns
hadbeenheardintheherlaatesgeneral
abjuredtheirlahe
year1581.``theking,sotheysaid,``hasbrokenhisntract
andthekingthereforeisdisssedlikeanyotherunfaithful
servant.sihen,thisparticularideaofakings
responsibilitiestoongnyofthe
natioheshoresofthenorthsea.theywere
inaveryfavourableposition.theyhepoorpeople
intheheartofercyoftheir
rulersbodyguard,uldnotaffordtodis
inthedeepestdungeonofthe
castle.butthertsofhollandandengland
aintenancereataresandnavies,ighty
,hadnosuchfear.theywerewilling
topitthe``divinerightoftheirooneyagainst
the``divinerightofanyhabsburgorbourbonorstuart.
theykheirguildersandshillingsuldbeatthe
cluyfeudalaresheonlyheking.
theydaredtoaedtosuffer
insilenceorruntheriskofthescaffold.
hestuartsbegantoannoythepeopleofengland
thattheyhadarighttodotheypleased
andheresponsibil
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