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正文 第63节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw台湾小说网  www.192.tw栗子网  www.lizi.twebattleofhastings,onoctoberthe

    fourteenthofthatyear,hedestroyedtheesofharold

    ofhelastoftheanglosaxonkingsaablished

    hielfaskingofengland.butheorhis

    successorsofthehouseofanjouandplantageregarded

    englandastheirtrueho.totheheislanderelya

    partoftheirgreatiaheasortof

    lonyinhabitedbyratherbackthey

    forcedtheiroion.graduallyhowever

    the``lonyofenglandgainedupoher

    untryofnorndy.atthesatithekingsof

    fran

    englishneighboursorethandisobedient

    servantsofthefrenchcroeraturyofwar

    farethefrenchpeople,uheleadershipofayounggirlby

    thenaofjoanofartheir

    soil.joanherself,takenaprisohebattleofpiegne

    intheyear1430andsoldbyherburgundiancaptorstothe

    englishsoldiers,ch.buttheenglish

    nevergainedfootholdupoiandtheirkingswere

    atlastabletodevotealltheirtitotheirbritishpossessions.

    asthefeudalnobilityoftheislandhadbeenengagedinoneof

    thosestrangefeudsnintheddleages

    asaslesandsllpox,andasthegreaterpartoftheold

    landedproprietorshadbeenkilledduringthesesocalledwars

    oftheroses,iteeasyforthekingstoiheir

    royalpoheendofthefifteeury,england

    ronglytraliseduntry,ruledbyhenryvii

    ofthehouseoftudor,ousurtofjustice,the

    ``starery,suppressedallattets

    oofthesurvivingaintheiroldinfluence

    uponthegoventoftheuntryostseverity.

    intheyear1509henryviiceededbyhisson

    henryviii,andfrohatntooryofengland

    gainedaaheuntryceasedtobea

    diaevalislandandbecaadestate.

    henryhaderestinreligion.hegladlyuseda

    privatedisagreentany

    divorselfindepeofroandke

    thechurchofenglandthefirstofthose``nationalisticchurches

    ihespiritualheadofhis

    subjeationof1034notonlygave

    thehouseoftudorthesupportoftheenglishclergy,who

    foralongtihadbeenexposedtotheviolentattaany

    lutheranpropagandists,butitalsoincreasedtheroyalpower

    throughthenfiserpossessionsofthe

    nasteries.atthesatiitdehenrypopularhthe

    rtsandtradespeople,heproudandprosperous

    inhabitantsofanislaof

    europebyadislikefor

    everything``fnanddidnotanitalianbishoptorule

    theirhobritishsouls.

    in1517henrydied.heleftthethroohissllson,

    agedten.theguardiansoftheode

    lutherando.

    buttheboydiedbeforeheeen,andceeded

    byhissisterry,thewifeofphilipiiofspain,who

    buedthebishopsoftheneionalchurdinother

    pleofherroyalspanishhusband

    fortunatelyshedied,intheyear1558,andceeded

    byelizabeth,thedaughterofhenryviiiandanneboleyn,

    thesendofhissixhehaddecapitatedwhenshe

    nolongerpleasedhielizabeth,etiin

    prison,andtherequestofthe

    holyroneeror,ostrdialeneofeverything

    catholidspanish.shesharedherfathersindifference

    ierionbutsheiedhisabilityasa

    veryshreer,ahefortyfiveyears

    niheningthepohedynastyandin

    inerryislands.

    inthissheostablyassistedbyanuerofnwhatheredarouhroneaheelizabethanagea

    periodofsuchiortayououghttostudyitiail

    ihespecialbooksofellyouinthe

    bibliographyattheendofthisvolu.

    elizabeth,hofeelentirelysafeuponher

    throne.shehadarivalandaverydangerousone.ry,

    ofthehouseofstuart,daughterofafrenchduchessanda

    sttishfather,isiioffrand

    daughterinlaediciwhohadanised

    therdersofsaintbartholootherof

    alittleboyethefirststuartking

    ofengland.shecatholidawillingfriend

    tothoseiesofelizabeth.herok

    ofpolitiethodsployed

    topunishhercalvinisticsubjects,causedarevolutioninstland

    andforcedrytotakerefugeonenglishterritory.for

    eighteenyearsshereinedinengland,plottingforeverand

    adayagainsttheanerandwho

    lastobligedtofolloheadviceofhertrusteduncilors

    ``tocutteoffthesttishqueensheade.

    theheadteoffintheyear1587andcaused

    abinednaviesofenglandand

    hollaedphilipsinvinciblearda,aswehavealready

    seen,andthebloeanttodestroythe

    pohetanticatholicleadersuedintoa

    profitablebusinessadventure.

    fooanyyearsofhesitation,theenglish

    ashedutchthoughtittheirghttoinvade

    theindiesandaridaveheillsheirprotes

    tehrenhadsufferedatthehandsofthespaniards.the

    englishhadbeenangtheearliestsubus.

    britishships,heveianpilotgiovannicaboto

    orcabot,hadbeenthefirsttodisverandexplorethe

    northearitiin1496.labradorandnewfoundland

    portanceasapossiblelony.but

    thebanksofhe

    englishfishi.ayearlater,in1497,thesacabot

    hadexploredtheastofflorida.

    thehebusyyearsofhenryviiandhenry

    viiioneyfnexplorations.

    butunderelizabeth,ary

    stuartinprison,thesailorsuldleavetheirharbourhout

    fe

    ...
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