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正文 第62节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

    栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.tw小说站  www.xsz.twbeetforhithe

    danisharesranybuted.

    einfollooryhsuergyandviolence

    thatdenrkosueforpealyone

    toaihehandsoftheprotestants.

    thatralsund.

    there,intheearlysueroftheyear1630,landedking

    gustavusadolphusofthehouseofvasa,kingofsweden,

    andfausasthenryagainst

    therussians.aprotestantpriion,

    desirousofkireofagreatnorthe

    eire,gustavusadolphusedbytheprotestant

    princesofeuropeasthesaviourofthelutherancause.he

    defeatedtilly,successfullybutcheredtheprotestant

    inhabitantsofgdeburg.thenhistroopsbegantheir

    greatranyinao

    reachthehabsburgpossessionsinitaly.threatehe

    rearbythecatholics,gustavussuddenlyveeredaroundand

    defeatedtheinhabsburgarileoflutzen.

    unfortuhesrayed

    ahistroops.butthehabsburgpowerhadbeen

    broken.

    ferdinand,ofperson,atonce

    begantodistrusthisonder

    inchief,urderedathisinstigation.he

    catholicbourboheirhabsburg

    rivals,heardofthis,theyjoiheprotestantswedes.

    thearesoflouisxiiiiheeastepartofgerny,

    andturenneandndeaddedtheirfatothatof

    banerandar,thesurdering,pillaging

    andbuinghabsburgproperty.thisbroughtgreat

    faandrichestothese

    envious.theprotestantdahereupondeclaredon

    theprotestantshealliesofthecatholic

    french,icalleader,thecardinalderichelieu,had

    justdeprivedthehuguenotsorfrenchprotestantsofthose

    rightsofpublicheediaheyear

    1598hadguarahe

    theerthehabitofsuunters,didnotdecide

    anythioahetreatyofphalia

    in1648.thecatholicpoaiholid

    theprotestantpoayedfaithfultothedoesof

    lutherandcalvinandzchprotestants

    republics.france

    kepttheetzandtoulandverdunandapartofthe

    alsaaioexistasasort

    ofscare,oney,houthope

    andhe.

    theonlygoodthethirtyyearsplishedwasa

    iveodisuragedbothcatholidprotestants

    frovertryingitagain.hehtheylefteachotherin

    peace.thishoeanthatreligiousfeelingand

    theologithisearth.onthe

    ntrary.thequarrelsbetholidprotestant

    catoanend,butthedisputesbethedifferentprotestant

    setinuedasbitterlyaseverbefore.inholland

    adifferenceofopinionastothetruenatureofpredestination

    averyobsportant

    theeyesofyrandfathercausedaquarrelh

    ehedecapitationofjohnofoldenbaeveldt,the

    dutchstatesn,hesuccessof

    therepublicduringthefirsttyyearsofitsindependence,

    andhegreatanisinggeniusofherindiantrading

    pany.inengland,thefeudledtocivilwar.

    butbeforeitellyouofthisoutbreakothefirst

    executionbyprocessoflato

    saysothingabouttheprevioushistoryofengland.inthis

    botogiveyouonlythoseeventsofthepast

    hroupoionsofthepresent

    entioainuhecauseisnot

    tobefoundinanyseypart.ihati

    uldtellyouhappeonorzerlandand

    serbiaanda.buttheselandsexercisedinfluence

    uponthedevelopntofeuropeieenthand

    sevehbyhapolite

    andveryrespectfulbo

    position.allislandhavedoneduring

    thelastfivehundredyearshasshapedtheurseofhistory

    ineveryerofthehoutaproperknowledgeof

    thebackgroundofenglishhistory,youotuand

    youreadinthehereforenecessary

    thatyoukary

    foveoftheeuropean

    onarchs.

    theenglishrevolution

    hohestrugglebethe``divine

    rightofkingsandthelessdivine

    butrereasonable``rightof

    parliantendeddisastrouslyfor

    kingcharlesii

    caesar,theearliestexplorerofnortheeurope,had

    crossedtheelintheyear55b.dhadnquered

    england.duringfourturiestheuntrythenreined

    aronprovihebarbariao

    threatenro,thegarrisonsthefrontier

    thattheyghtdefendthehountryandbritannia

    entandhoutprote.

    assoonasthisbeoongthehungrysaxon

    tribeserny,theysailedacrossthenorthsea

    aheelvesathointheprosperousisland.they

    foundedanuerofindepeanglosaxonkingdo

    socalledaftertheinalangleslishandthesaxon

    invadersbutthesesllstatesh

    eachotherandnokingself

    astheheadofaury.forrethanfivehundred

    years,rbriaandwessexandsussex

    aaanglia,ores,were

    exposedtoattacksfroarioussdinavianpirates.finally

    intheeleveury,england,togetherhnorwayand

    nernybepire

    ofutethegreatavestigesofindependence

    disappeared.

    thedanes,intheurseofti,no

    soonerhanithefourth

    ti.theneieshedesdantsofaribe

    ofeuryhadinvaded

    franandy.,

    dukeofnorndy,ehadlookedacrossthe

    erhanenviouseye,crossedtheelinoctober

    oftheyear1066.atth

    ...
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