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www.192.twdedarywasanold
one.foryearsthesailorsoftheerfronthadtalked
aboutit.iiesofthesixteeury,the
ruurtookadefiniteshape.agtopilotswhohad
beeninlisbon,allthespanishandpuesewharveswere
buildingships.andiheherlandsinbelgiubr >
thedukealargeexpeditionary
forostendtolondonandaterdabr >
assoonasthefleetshouldarrive.
intheyear1586thegreatardasetsailforthenorth.
buttheharboursofthefleshastkadedbya
dutchfleetandtheelheenglish,and
thespaniards,accustodtothequieterseasofthesouth,did
notknoonavigateinthissquallyandbleaknorthe
clite.adaoacked
byshipsandbystoritellyou.afewships,by
sailingaroundireland,escapedtotelltheterriblestoryof
defeat.theothersperishedahebottofthenorth
sea.
tuaboutisfairplay.thebritishnodthedutchprot
estantsnoy.
beforetheendofthean,hthehelpofa
booklettenbylinschotenahollanderwhohadbeenin
thepueseservice,hadatlastdisveredtherouteto
theindies.asaresultthegreatdutcheastindiapany
atichepueseand
spanishloniesinasiaandafricawasbeguninallseriousness.
ithisearlyeraoflonialhata
curiouslaoutichurts.earlyin
thesevehturyadutchcaptainbythenaofvan
heekerk,anadehielffausasthehead
ofaioodisverthenortheaste
passagetotheindiesahefrozen
shoresoftheislandofnovazela,hadcapturedapuese
shipiraitsoflaberthat
thepopehaddividedtheotwoequalshares,oneof
othespaniardsahertothe
puese.thepuesequitenaturallyregardedthe
erheirindianislandsaspartoftheir
oont,theyatwar
edthatthe
captainofaprivatedutchtradingpanyhadnhtto
eheirprivatedoinaheirships.andthey
broughtsuit.thedirectorsofthedutcheastindiapany
hiredabrightyounglaeofdegrootrotius,todefendtheircase.hedetheastonishingplea
thattheoisfreetoallers.osidethedistance
thelandreach,theseais
togrotiusoughttobe,afreeandopenhighway
toalltheshipsofallnations.itethatthis
startlingdoehadbeenpubliclypronounaurt
oflaheotherseafaringpeople.to
unteraouspleaforthe``re
liberuor``opensea,johnselden,theenglishn,
oustreatiseuponthe``reclausur``closed
seareatedofthenaturalrightofasntard
theseasryasbelongingtohisterritory.
intionthisherebecausethequestionhad
beendecidedanddurisof
difficultiesandplications.
toretutotheweenspaniardandhollander
andenglishn,beforetost
valuableloheindiesandthecapeofgoodhopeand
ceylonandthosealoofaandevenjapanwere
inprotestanthands.in1621apanywas
foundedericabuilt
afortresscallederdattheuthoftheriver
heyear1609
thesenehenglandach
republictosuextentthattheyuldhirefnsoldiers
todotheirfightingonlandselves
tortheprotestaant
independenanyotherpartsof
europeitantasuccessionofhorrorsparedtohe
lastildexcursionofkindlysundayschoolboys.
thethirtyyearsheyear1618
andoustreatyofphaliain1648
heperfeaturalresultofaturyofeverincreasing
religioushatred.iterriblewar.everybody
foughteverybodyelsearuggleendedonlywhen
allpartieshadbeenthhlyexhaustedanduldfightno
longer.
ihanageionittuednypartsoftral
europeintoahehungrypeasantsfought
forthecarcassofadeadhorsehtheevenhungrierwolf.
fivesixthsofallthegerntoroyed.
thepalatinate,inany,lundered
tes.andapopulatioeenllion
peopleillion.
thehostilitiesbeganalstassoonasferdinandiiof
thehouseofhabsburghadbeeedeeror.hewas
theproduostcarefuljesuittrainingandost
obedientasonofthechurch.thevohhehad
deasayoungn,thatheeallsed
allheresiesfroisdoins,ferdinaothebestof
hisability.tion,hischiefoppo,
frederick,theprotestaorofthepalatinateanda
soninlaesiofengland,hadbeendekingof
bohea,iviolationofferdinandswishes.
atonia.the
youngkinglookedinvainforassistanidable
ehedutchrepublihelp,but,
engagedinadesperatesohthespanishbranch
ofthehabsburgs,itulddolittle.thestuartsinengland
oreiediheningtheiroepower
athothanspendingneyandnuponaforloadventure
infaraia.afterastruggleofafeonths,
theelectorofthepalatinateains
othecatholichouseofbavaria.thishebeginning
ofthegreatwar.
thenthehabsburgares,uillyandein,
foughttheirany
untiltheyhadreachedtheshoresofthebaltic.acatholic
neighbourantseriousdaheprotestantkingof
denrk.selfbyattag
hiseneesbeforetheyhad
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