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正文 第66節 文 / [美]亨德里克•威廉•房龍

    小說站  www.xsz.tw台灣小說網  www.192.tw小說站  www.xsz.twkingyea,evendivineright,were

    preferabletoaneeersofthesa

    race.othershouch

    feareddissenters,heurageoftheir

    nvis.theyenwhodid

    nottoseearetuoftheolddaysofabsoluteroyal

    power.

    foralsttenyears,thesetparties,thewhigs

    theddleclasselent,calledbythisderisivenabe

    causeintheyear1640alotofsttishoresorhorse

    droversheadedbythepresbyterianclergy,hadrchedto

    edinburghtoopposethekingaoriesahet

    inallyusedagainsttheroyalistirishadherentsbutnow

    appliedtothesupportersofthekingopposedeachother,but

    heraboutacrisis.theyalloo

    diepeaesii

    tosucceedhisbrotherin1685.butes,afterthreatening

    theuntryhtheterriblefionofa``standing

    arndedbyen,

    issuedasenddeclarationofindulgen1688,and

    orderedittobereadinallanglichurches,hejusta

    triflebeyondthatlineofsensibledercationhlybe

    transgressedbythestpopularofrulersundervery

    exstances.sevenbishopsrefusedtoply

    nd.theyious

    libel.theybeforeaurt.thejuryh

    pronouheverdictof``notguiltyreapedarichharvest

    ofpopularapproval.

    atthisunfortu,jasarriage

    hadtakentoariaoftheodena

    estebeeantthatthethrone

    ogotoacatholicboyratherthantohisoldersisters,

    ryandanne,anireet

    againgreariaofdenaoooldtohave

    childrenitofaplotastrangebabyhadbeen

    broughtintothepalacebysojesuitpriestthatengland

    ghthaveaonardsoon.itlookedasif

    anothercivil.thensevenwellknown

    n,bothteraskingthehusband

    ofjassoldestdaughterry,iiithestadtholder

    orheadofthedutchrepublic,toetoenglandand

    delivertheuntryfrotslaentirelyundesirable

    sn.

    ohofheyear1688,landed

    attorbay.ashedidnotakeartyroutofhis

    fatherinlatoescapesafelytofran

    the22ndofjanuaryof1689hesuonedparliant.on

    the13thoffebruaryofthesayearheandhisary

    edjointsnsofenglandary

    heprotestantcause.

    parliant,havinguakehihan

    areadvisorybodytothekihebestofits

    opportuheoldpetitihtsoftheyear1628was

    fishedoutofafottennookofthearchives.asendand

    redrastiahatthesnof

    englandshouldbelongtotheanglichurch.furtherre

    itstatedthatthekinghadnhttosuspendthelawsor

    pertcertainprivilegedcitizenstodisobeycertainla

    stipulatedthat``entnotaxesuld

    beleviedandnoaruldbeintaihusintheyear

    1689didenglandacquireanauntoflibertyunknownin

    anyotheruntryofeurope.

    butitisnotonlyonaeasure

    thattheruleofinenglandisstillreered.during

    hislifeti,goventbya``responsiblenistryfirst

    developed.nokingofurserulealone.heneedsafew

    trustedadvisors.thetudorshadtheirgreatuncilh

    posedofnoblesandclergy.thisbodygreoo

    large.itall``privyuncil.inthe

    urseoftiitbeeet

    thekinginacabiinthepalace.heheyalled

    the``cabiuncil.afterashortheywereknown

    asthe``cabi.

    ,likestenglishsnsbeforehihad

    angallparties.buththeincreased

    strengthofparliant,hehadfounditiossibleto

    directthepoliticsoftheuntryhthehelpofthetories

    ajorityinthehouseofns.

    thereforethetorieshadbeendisssedandthecabiuncil

    hadbeeirelyofwhigs.afeer

    ns,the

    king,forthesakeofnvenience,olookforhis

    supptheleadingtories.untilhisdeathin1702,

    uch

    aboutthegoventofengland.practicallyalliortant

    affairshadbeeohiscabiuncil.s

    sisterinlain1702thisnditionof

    affairsntinued.unately

    notasingleoneofherseventeenchildrensurvivedherthe

    throeiofthehouseofhahesonof

    sophie,granddaughterofjasi.

    thissoonarch,whoneverleaedaword

    ofenglish,plicatedzesofenglands

    politicalarras.helefteverythingtohiscabi

    undkeptatheiretings,hbored

    hishedidnotuandasiehisway

    thecabigotintothehabitofrulingenglandandstland

    enthadbeenjoihatofengland

    in1707houtbtheking,tospend

    agreatdealofhistioi.

    duringthereignofgeeiandgeeii,asuccessionreatefor

    tedthecabiunciloftheking.

    theirleaderheofficialleadeot

    onlyoftheaajoritypartyin

    poent.theattetsofgeeiiitotake

    ttersintohisotoleavetheactualbusiness

    ofgoventtohiscabirousthat

    theytheearliestyearsofthe

    eightee,

    inistryedtheaffairs

    oftheland.

    tobequitetrue,thisgoventdidnotrepresentall

    aninadozenhadtheright

    tovote.butitoderepresentative

    fovent.inaquietandorderlyfashionit

    tookthepothe

    ...
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