小说站
小说站 欢迎您!
小说站 > 历史军事 > 国富论(英文版)

正文 第31节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.twsubsistence

    froaytoday,orevenfroourtohour,ashesit.heis

    therebyeoeloyalsthisockasacapital.he

    isthuseofuishoagreatervalue,andthe

    profit,akesbyitinthisuchrethan

    peheadditionalpriceheprofitoftheretailer

    iosesuponthegoods.theprejudiepoliticalers

    againstshopkeepersandtradesogetherhout

    foundation.sofarisitfroeingne

    ortorestricttheiuersthattheyeverbeltipliedso

    astohurtthepubliaysoastohurtoher.

    thequantityofgrople,hbesoldin

    apartiandofthattos

    neighbourhood.thecapital,therefore,ployedin

    thegrocerytradeotexceedissuffittopurchase

    thatquantity.ifthiscapitalisdividedbet

    grosell

    cheaperthanifithehandsofoneonly;andifitwere

    dividedaionuchthe

    greater,andtheceoftheirbiningtogether,io

    raisethepriight

    perhapsruinsooftheelves;buttotakecareofthisisthe

    businessofthepartiesnceed,anditysafelybetrusted

    totheirdiserorthe

    produusttendtoketheretailers

    bothsellcheaperandbuydearerthaniftheradewas

    nopolizedbyoeoftheperhaps,y

    sotisdeyaertobuyhehasnooccasion

    for.thisevil,hoportaodeserve

    thepublicattention,noecessarilybepreventedby

    restriultitudeofalehouses,

    togivethestsuspiple,thatoccasionsageneral

    dispositiontodrunkennessangthenpeople;butthat

    dispositionarisingfrothercausesnecessarilygives

    eloynttoaltitudeofalehouses.

    thepersonsployedinanyofthosefour

    selvesproductivelabourers.theirlabour,when

    properlydirected,fixesandrealizesitselfinthesubjector

    vendibledityupoowed,andgenerallyadds

    toitspricethevalueatleastoftheiroaintenand

    nsution.theprofitsofthefarr,ofthenufacturer,of

    thert,aailer,arealldrathepriceofthe

    goodshetprodudthetbuyandsell.

    equalcapitals,hoployedineachofthosefourdifferent

    diatelyputintotionverydifferentquantities

    ofproduent,too,inverydifferent

    proportionsthevalueoftheannualproduceofthelandand

    labourofthesocietytoheybelong.

    thecapitaloftheretailerreplaces,togetherhits

    profits,thatofthertofhepurchasesgoods,and

    therebyenableshiontinuehisbusiheretailer

    hielfistheonlyprodudiately

    eloys.inhisprofitsnsiststhes

    eloyntaddstotheannualproduceofthelandandlabourof

    thesociety.

    thecapitaloftheertreplaces,together

    ersandnufacturers

    ofhepurchasestherudeandnufacturedproducehhe

    dealsin,andtherebyeheontiheirrespective

    trades.itisbythisservicechieflythathentributes

    ilytosupporttheproductivelabourofthesociety,and

    toinploys,

    too,thesailorsandcarriersone

    plaentsthepriceofthosegoodsbythe

    value,notonlyofhisprofits,butoftheirhisisall

    theproduediatelyputsintotion,and

    allthevaluediatelyaddstotheannualproduce.

    itsoperationinboththeserespectsisagooddealsuperiorto

    thatofthecapitaloftheretailer.

    partoftheasternufactureriseloyed

    asafixedcapitaliruntsofhistrade,andreplaces,

    togethereotherartificerof

    hepurployedin

    purchasingterials,andreplaces,htheirprofits,the

    ersandnersofhepurchasesthebut

    agreatpartofitisaluch

    shorterperiod,distributedangthedifferentenhe

    eloys.itaugntsthevalueofthoseterialsbytheirwages,

    andbytheirttersprofitsupontheockofwages,

    terials,andinstruntsoftradeeloyedinthebusiness.it

    putsiediatelyintotion,therefore,achgreaterquantity

    ofproduuchgreatervaluetotheannual

    produceofthelandandlabourofthesocietythananequal

    capitalinthehandsofanyert.

    noequalcapitalputsintotioerquantityof

    produer.notonlyhislab

    servants,buthislabcattle,areproductivelabourers.in

    agriculture,too,naturelaboursalongan;andthoughher

    labourstsnoexpesproducehasitsvalue,aswellas

    thatofthestexpehestiortaions

    ofagriuchtoincrease,thoughthey

    dothattoo,astodirectthefertilityofnaturetohe

    produostprofitableton.afield

    roblesyfrequentlyproduceas

    greataquantityofvegetablesasthebestcultivatedvineyardor

    field.plantingandtillagefrequentlyregulaterethan

    theyaheactivefertilityofnature;andafteralltheir

    labreatpartoftheainstobedoneby

    her.thelabourersandlabployedin

    agrianufactures,

    thereproduofavalueequaltotheiroption,orto

    the,togetherhitsowners

    profits;butofachgreatervalue.overandabovethecapital

    ofthefarrandallitsprofits,theyregularlyoccasionthe

    reproduaybe

    nsideredastheproduceofthosepoure,theuseof

    er.itisgreaterorsller

    agtothesupposedextentofthosepoher

    provedfertilityof

    theland.itistheainsafterdedug

    orpensatihingheworkof

    n.itisseldoessthanafourth,and

    ...
(快捷键 ←)上一章 本书目录 下一章(快捷键 →)
全文阅读 | 加入书架书签 | 推荐本书 | 打开书架 | 返回书页 | 返回书目