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正文 第30节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

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    havereursetoexorbitantusurers.inauntry,suchasgreat

    britain,oneyislenttogoventatthreepertand

    toprivatepeopleuponagoodsecurityatfourandfouranda

    half,thepresentlegalrate,fivepert,isperhapsasproper

    asany.

    thelegalrate,itistobeobserved,thoughitoughttobe

    souchabovetheloarket

    rate.ifthelegalrateofiibritain,for

    exale,ortenpert,thegreater

    partoftheneyobelenttals

    andprojectivethishigh

    i.soberpeople,oneyno

    rethanapartofakebytheuseof

    it,petition.agreatpartofthe

    capitaloftheuntryhusbekeptoutofthehandsh

    ostlikelytokeaprofitableandadvantageoususeofit,

    andthroostlikelytoearoy

    it.helegalrateofi,orary,isfixed

    butaverylittleabovetheloarketrate,soberpeopleare

    universallypreferred,asborralsandprojectors.

    thepersosnearlyasterestfrohe

    forrashedarestotakefrohelatter,andhisneyisch

    saferinthehandsoftheoofpeoplethaninthoseofthe

    reatpartofthecapitaloftheuntryisthusthrown

    intothehandsinostlikelytobeeloyedh

    advantage.

    nolanrateofibelohe

    loarketrateatthetiade.

    nothstandingtheedictof1766,byhefreng

    attetedtoredufivetofourper

    t,iobelentinfrafivepert,the

    laways.

    theordinaryrketpriceofland,itistobeobserved,

    dependseveryarketrateofihe

    personoderivea

    revenue,ployithielf,

    deliberatesherheshouldbuylandhitorlenditoutat

    ihesuperiorsecurityofland,togethereother

    advaeverytenduponthisspeciesof

    property,tohielfha

    sllerrevenuefroandthanighthavebylendingout

    hisiheseadvantagesaresuffitto

    pensateacertaindifferenceofrevetheywill

    pensateacertaindifferenly;andiftherentofland

    shouldfallshortoftheiofneybyagreater

    differenobodys

    ordinarypriuch

    rethaethedifference,everybodywouldbuyland,

    sordinaryprice.erest

    nlysoldfortenandtwelve

    yearspurchase.asisunktosix,five,andfourper

    t,thepriceoflandrosetoty,fiveandty,and

    thirtyyearspurchase.therketrateofiishigherin

    frahaninengland;andthenpriceoflandislower.in

    englanditnlysellsatthirty,infrayyears

    purchase.

    chapterv

    ofthedifferenteloyntofcapitals

    thoughallaintenanceof

    productivelabouronly,yetthequantityofthatlabourh

    equalotionvaries

    extrelyaploynt;asdoes

    likeployntaddstotheannual

    produceofthelandandlabouroftheuntry.

    acapitalybeeloyedinfourdifferenther,

    first,inprtherudeproduuallyrequiredforthe

    useandnsutionofthesociety;or,sendly,in

    nufadiateuse

    andnsution;or,thirdly,intranspeithertherudeor

    nufatheplacesheyaboundtothose

    heyareed;or,lastly,individingparticular

    portioherintosuchsllparcelsassuittheoccasional

    dendsofthose.inthefirstployedthe

    entor

    ines,orfisheries;inthesend,those

    ofallsternufacturers;ihird,thoseofallwholesale

    rts;andinthefourth,thoseofallretailers.itis

    diffiployedinany

    aynotbeclassedundersooherofthose

    four.

    eaethodsofeloyingacapitalis

    essentiallynecessaryeithertotheexistenceorextensionofthe

    otherthree,ortothegeneralnveniencyofthesociety.

    unlessacapitalployedinfuishingrudeproduceto

    aanufacturesnortradeof

    anykinduldexist.

    unlessaanufacturingthatpartof

    therudeprodubefore

    itptioherwouldneverbe

    produandforit;orifitwas

    producedspontaneously,ithange,and

    uldaddnothingtothehofthesociety.

    unlessacapitalployedintranspeitherthe

    rudeornufatheplacesaboundsto

    thoseoreofeitheruldbeproduced

    thanptionoftheneighbourhood.the

    ertexgesthesurplusproduceofone

    placeforthatofanother,andthusenuragestheindustryand

    isofboth.

    unlessacapitalployedinbreakinganddividing

    anufacturedproduto

    suandsofthosewho

    ,everynopurchaseagreater

    quantityofthegoodshediateoccasions

    required.ifthereple,

    everynopurchaseawholeoxorawhole

    sheepatati.thistothe

    ridchresotothepoor.ifapooranwasobliged

    topuronthsprovisionsatati,a

    greatpartofthestockploysasacapitalinthe

    instruntsofhistrade,oriureofhisshop,and

    arevenue.heoplathat

    partofhisstockdiatensution,

    andnorevehingberenve

    forsuchapersonthantobeabletopurchasehis

    ...
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