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正文 第25节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.tw小说站  www.xsz.twewar

    lasts.suselvesproduothing,areall

    intaiheproduenslabour.ultiplied,

    therefore,toanunnecessaryheyyinaparticular

    yearnsusogreatashareofthisproduce,asnottoleavea

    suffiaintainingtheproductivelabourers,whoshould

    reproduextyear.theyearsproduce,therefore,will

    belessthanthatofthefoing,andifthesadisorder

    shouldntihatofthethirdyearilllessthan

    thatofthesend.thoseunproductivehands,whoshouldbe

    intainedbyapartonlyofthesparerevehepeople,y

    nsusogreatashareoftheirhereby

    obligesogreataoencroachupontheircapitals,upon

    thefuinedfortheintenanceofproductivelabour,that

    allthefrugalityandgoodnduaynotbeable

    topeheeanddegradationofproduceoccasionedby

    thisviolentandforent.

    thisfrugalityandgoodnduct,hoost

    oexperience,suffittopensate,

    notonlytheprivateprodigalityandsnductofindividuals,

    butthepublient.theunifornstant,

    anduninterruptedeffortofeveryerhisndition,

    theprinciplefroonal,ase

    opulenceisinallyderived,isfrequentlypoo

    intaiuralprogressofthingstoprovent,in

    spitebothoftheextravagaandofthegreatest

    errorsofadnistration.liketheunknoal

    life,itfrequentlyrestoreshealthandvigourtothe

    nstitution,inspite,notonlyofthedisease,butofthe

    absurdprescriptionsofthedoctor.

    theannualproduceofthelandandlabourofanynation

    beineansbutbyincreasing

    eitherthenuerofitsproductivelabourers,ortheproductive

    poployed.the

    nuerofitsproductivelabourers,itisevident,everbe

    creased,butinnsequenceofanincreaseofcapital,or

    ofthefuinedforintainiheproductivepowers

    ofthesanueroflabourersotbeincreased,butin

    nsequeneadditionandiroventtothose

    esandinstruntsateandabridgelabour;or

    ofareproperdivisionanddistributionofeloynt.in

    eitherostal

    isbyansofanadditionalcapitalonlythattheuakerof

    anyenaeryor

    keareproperdistributionofeloyntangthewhen

    theberofparts,tokeepevery

    nnstantlyeloyedinoneuchgreater

    ployedinevery

    differentpartofthepare,therefore,thestate

    ofanationattperiods,andfind,thattheannual

    produceofitslandandlabourisevidentlygreateratthelatter

    thanattheforr,thatitslandsarebettercultivated,its

    nufaerousandreflourishing,anditstrade

    reextensive,aybeassuredthatitscapitalsthave

    increasedduriervalbethosethat

    resthavebeeoitbythegoodhan

    hadbeentakenfroteitherbytheprivatesnductofothers

    orbythepublient.butweshallfind

    thistohavebeeallnations,inall

    tolerablyquietandpeaceabletis,evenofthose

    ehestprudentandparsiniousgovents.tofor

    rightjudgntofit,indeed,ustparethestateofthe

    untryatperiodssooher.the

    progressisfrequentlysogradualthat,atnearperiods,the

    iroventisnotonlynotsensible,butfrohedesion

    eitherofcertainbranchesofindustry,orofcertaindistricts

    oftheuntry,thiishappenthoughtheuntry

    ingeneralbeiprosperity,therefrequentlyarisesa

    suspithattherichesandindustryoftheaying.

    theannualproduceofthelandandlabourofengland,for

    exale,iscertainlychgreaterthanitore

    thauryago,attherestorationofcharlesii.though,at

    presehis,yetduringthis

    period,fiveyearshaveseldoassedaebookor

    pahlethasnotbeenpublished,ten,too,hsuch

    abilitiesastogainsoauthorityhthepublid

    pretendingtodenstratethatthehofthenation

    deing,thattheuntryed,agriculture

    ed,nufacturesdeg,andtradeundone.norhave

    thesepubliphlets,theched

    offspringoffalsehoodandvenality.nyoftheavebeen

    tenbyverydidandveryintelligentpeople,e

    nothingbuttheybelieved,andfoootherreasonbut

    becausetheybelievedit.

    theannualproduceofthelandandlabourofengland,again,

    uchgreaterattherestoration,thanan

    supposeittohavebeenaboutanhundredyearsbefore,atthe

    accessionofelizabeth.atthisperiod,too,wehaveallreason

    tobelieve,theuntryuprovent

    thanithadbeenaboutaturybefore,tohecloseofthe

    dissensiohehousesofyorkandlancaster.eventhen

    itternditionthanithadbeenatthe

    nor,andatthenorhanduringthe

    nfusionofthesaxoarchy.evenatthisearlyperiod,it

    oreiroveduntrythanattheinvasionof

    juliuscaesar,estate

    erica.

    ineachofthoseperiods,houch

    privateandpublianyexpensiveandunnecessary

    intaining

    produetis,inthe

    nfusionofcivildisrd,suchabsoluteearu

    ofstock,asghtbesupposed,notonlytoretard,asit

    certainlydid,thenaturalacculationofriches,buttohave

    lefttheuntry,attheendoftheperiod,poorerthanatthe

    beginning.thus,inthehappiestandstfortunateperiodof

    thell,thatany

    disordersandsfortuneshaveoccurred,heyhave

    beenforeseen,notonlytheioverishnt,butthetotalruinof

    theuntrythehefireandthe

    plagueoflondochhedisordersofthe

    revolution,thehefourexpensivefrenchwarsof

    1688,1702,1742,and17

    ...
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