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正文 第24节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.twnsudbyunproductive,hadbeendistributedangproductive

    hands,theyogetherhaprofit,the

    fullvalueoftheirnsution.thesaquantityofneywould

    inthiscaseequallyhavereiheuntry,andthere

    ionofanequalvalueof

    nsublegoods.thereeadof

    one.

    thesaquantityofney,besides,ainin

    anyuntryininishes.

    thesoleuseofoeans

    ofit,provisions,terials,andfinishedand

    sold,anddistributedtotheirpropernsurs.thequantityof

    herefore,ployedinanyuntry

    stbedeterhevalueofthensublegoodsannually

    circulatedustnsisteitherintheiediate

    produceofthelandandlabouroftheuntryitself,orin

    sothiofthat

    produustdinishasthevalueof

    thatproduishes,andalongoney

    ployedincirculatiheneyhby

    thisannualdinutionofproduceisannuallythroof

    dosticcirculationbealloolieidle.the

    iofrequiresthatitshouldbe

    eloyed.buthavingnoeloyntatho,iteof

    alllaployedin

    pureuseatho.its

    annualexportatioinueforsotito

    addsothingtotheannualnsutionoftheuntrybeyondthe

    valueofitsointhedaysofits

    prosperityhadbeensavedfrohatannualprodudeloyed

    inpurchasinggoldandsilver,elittle

    titosupportitsnsutioniy.theexportationoldandsilveris,inthiscase,notthecause,buttheeffect

    ofitsdeayeven,forsolittleti,alleviate

    theseryofthatdesion.

    thequantityofney,orary,stinevery

    untrynaturallyincreaseasthevalueoftheannualproduce

    inablegoodsannuallycirculated

    hinthesocietybeiererquantity

    ofocirculatetheapartoftheincreasedproduce,

    therefore,ployedinpurchasing,

    istobehad,theadditionalquantityofgoldandsilver

    als

    hiscasebetheeffeotthecause,ofthepublic

    prosperity.goldandsilverarepurchasedeverye

    hefood,clothing,andlodging,therevenueand

    intenanceofallthoseployedin

    bringingtheroheotherket,isthepricepaidfor

    thenperuasryhis

    pricetopayhoutthequantityofthose

    talshasoccasionfor;andnountrywilleverlong

    retainaquantityhasnooccasionfor.

    agiherealhand

    revenueofauntrytonsistihevalueofthe

    annualprodusto

    dietalsh

    circulatehinit,asvulgarprejudicessuppose;iherview

    ofthetter,everyprodigalappearstobeapublie,and

    everyfrugalnapubliefactor.

    theeffeishoseof

    prodigality.everyinjudiciousandunsuccessfulproje

    agrianufactures,tendsin

    thesaodinishthefuinedforthe

    intenanceofproductivelabour.ineverysuchproject,though

    thecapitalisnsudbyproductivehandsonly,yet,asbythe

    injudiannerinployedtheydonot

    reproduptioalways

    besodinutioninherhe

    productivefundsofthesociety.

    itstancesofa

    greatnationbechaffectedeitherbytheprodigalityor

    snduprudene

    beingalorethaedbythefrugalityandgood

    nductofothers.

    hregardtoprofusion,theprincipleptsto

    expehepassionforpresentenjoynt;hough

    sotisviolentandverydifficulttoberestrained,isin

    generalonlyntaryandoccasional.buttheprincipleh

    protstosaveisthedesireofbetteringourndition,a

    desireanddispassionate,esh

    usfroheb,andneverleavesustillothegrave.

    is,thereis

    scarceperhapsasiantinanissoperfectly

    aelysatisfiedhhissituationastobehoutany

    proventofanykind.anaugntationof

    fortuheansbyenproposeand

    eavulgar

    aobvious;alikelyentingtheir

    fortuosaveandacculatesopartoftheyacquire,

    eitherregularlyandannually,oruporaordinary

    occasions.thoughtheprincipleofexpeherefore,prevails

    inalstallnuponsooenupon

    alstalloen,takingthe

    heirlifeatanaverage,theprincipleof

    frugalityseenotonlytopredotopredonatevery

    greatly.

    isnduct,thenuerofprudentand

    successfuluakingsiseveryuchgreaterthanthatof

    injudiciousandunsuccessfulones.afterallourplaintsof

    thefrequehis

    sfortuaverysllpartoftheberengaged

    intrade,andallothersortsofbusiness;notchreperhaps

    thahousand.bankruptcyisperhapsthegreatestand

    sthuliatingcalatyan.the

    greaterpartofn,therefore,aresuffitlycarefultoavoid

    it.so,indeed,donotavoidit;assodonotavoidthe

    gallows.

    greatnationsareneverioverishedbyprivate,thoughthey

    sotisarebypubliisnduct.thewhole,or

    alsttheostuntrieseloyedin

    intainingunproductivehands.sucharethepeopleposea

    nurousandsplendidurt,agreatecclesiastical

    establishnt,greatfleetsandares,eofpeace

    produeofhingh

    peheexpenseofintainingtheevenh

    ...
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