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正文 第23节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    台湾小说网  www.192.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.twpitalforanyotherpurpose

    thanforsupplyiionofthatore

    difficultthaninoneinheinferiorranksofpeoplehave

    nootherinteof

    suchacapital.theidlenessofthegreaterpartofthepeople

    aintaiheexpenseofrevenuerrupts,itis

    probable,theindustryofthoseaintaihe

    eloyntofploy

    acapitaltherethaninotherplaces.theretletradeor

    industryinedinburghbeforetheunioch

    parliantbledinit,ceasedto

    bethenecessaryresideheprincipalnobilityary

    ofstland,itbeetradeandindustry.it

    stillntinues,hoobetheresideheprincipal

    urtsofjustisand

    excise,etsiderablereveherefore,stillntinues

    tobespentinit.intradeandindustryitisferiortlasgoaintaihe

    eloyntofcapital.theinhabitantsofalargevillage,ithas

    sotisbeenobserved,afterhavingdensiderableprogress

    innufactures,havebeeidleandpoorinnsequenceofa

    greatlordhavingtakenuphisresideheieighbourhood.

    theproportios

    everyulatetheproportioryand

    idleness.inates,industryprevails:

    inutionof

    inishthe

    realquantityofindustry,thenuerofproductivehands,and

    nsequentlytheexgeablevalueoftheannualproduceofthe

    landandlabouroftheuntry,therealhandrevenueof

    allitsinhabitants.

    inishedby

    prodigalityandsnduct.

    hisrevenueheaddstohis

    selfinintainingan

    additionalnuerofprodueother

    persontodoso,bylendingittohiora,thatis,

    forashareoftheprofits.asthecapitalofanindividual

    beincreasedonlybyhisannualrevenueorhis

    annualgains,sothecapitalofasociety,eh

    thatofalltheindividualsposeit,beincreasedonly

    inthesanner.

    parsiny,andnotindustry,istheiediatecauseofthe

    increaseofcapital.industry,indeed,providesthesubjecth

    parsinyacculates.butightacquire,if

    parsinydidnotsaveandstoreup,thecapitalwouldneverbe

    thegreater.

    parsiny,byincreasingthefundinedforthe

    intenanberof

    thosehandsothevalueofthesubjectupon

    isbestotends,therefore,toihe

    exgeablevalueoftheannualproduceofthelandandlabour

    oftheuntry.itputsintotionanadditionalquantityof

    industry,ionalvaluetotheannualproduce.

    edasis

    annuallyspent,andnearlyiitoo;butitis

    nsudbyadiffereofpeople.thatportionofhis

    revenueanannuallyspendsisinstcases

    nsudbyidleguestsandnialservants,hing

    behiufortheirnsution.thatportionh

    heannuallysaves,asforthesakeoftheprofititis

    iediatelyeloyedasacapital,isnsudinthesa

    nner,andnearlyiitoo,butbyadiffere

    ofpeople,bylabourers,nufacturers,andartificers,who

    reproduception.

    hisrevenue,inney.hadhespent

    thehefood,clothing,andlodging,heould

    havepurerset

    ofpeople.bysavingapartofit,asthatpartisforthesake

    oftheprofitiediatelyeloyedasacapitaleitherbyhielf

    orbysootherperson,thefood,clothing,andlodging,h

    ybepurchasedhit,arenecessarilyreservedforthe

    latter.thensutionisthesa,butthensursare

    different.

    byanannuallysaves,henotonlyaffords

    intenanberofproductivehands,forthat

    ortheensuingyear,but,likethefounderofapublicworkhouse,

    heestablishesasitaintenanceof

    anequalnuerinalltistoe.theperpetualallotntand

    destinationofthisfund,indeed,isnotalwaysguardedbyany

    positivelaortin.itis

    alheplain

    andevidentiofeveryindividualtoanyshareofit

    shalleverbelong.nopartofiteverafterployed

    tointainanybutproductivehandshoutanevidentlossto

    thepersonitsproperdestination.

    theprodigalpervertsitinthisnner.bynotnfining

    hisexpensee,heencroachesuponhiscapital.

    likehipiousfoundationto

    profanepurposes,hepaysthehthosefunds

    hefrugalityofhisforefathershad,asitwere,

    enaninishingthe

    fuinedfortheeloyntofproductivelabour,he

    he

    quantityofthatlabourothesubjectupon

    isbestoly,thevalueoftheannual

    produceofthelandandlabourofthery,thereal

    e

    pehefrugalityofothers,thenductof

    everyprodigal,byfeedingtheidlehthebreadofthe

    industrious,tendsnotonlytobeggarhielf,buttoioverish

    hisuntry.

    thoughtheexpeheprodigalshouldbealtogetherin

    hode,andnopartofitinfndities,itseffect

    upontheproductivefundsofthesocietye.

    everyyearthereillbeacertainquantityoffoodand

    ployedin

    intainingunproductivehands.everyyear,therefore,there

    edinutioninherwisehavebeen

    thevalueoftheannualproduceofthelandandlabourofthe

    untry.

    thisexpeybesaidindeed,notbeinginfn

    goods,andnotoccasioninganyexportationofgoldandsilver,

    thesaquantityofneyainiryasbefore.

    butifthequantityoffoodandclothing,hus

    ...
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