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正文 第21节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

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    subjeodity,erthatlabour

    ispast,andforityoflabouruld

    afterple,hallthe

    officersbothofjustid,thewhole

    arandnavy,areunproductivelabourers.theyaretheservants

    ofthepublidareintainedbyapartoftheannualproduce

    oftheindustryofotherpeople.theirservice,howhonourable,

    hohingforh

    anequalquantityofserviafterhe

    proteonh,theeffect

    oftheirlabourthisyearpurchaseitsprote,

    seeclass

    stberanked,sobothofthegravestandstiortant,and

    soofthestfrivolousprofessions:chur,lawyers,

    physis,ersofallkinds;players,buffoons,

    sis,operasingers,operadancers,etc.thelabourofthe

    aofthesehasacertainvalue,regulatedbytheverysa

    principlesethatofeveryothersortoflabour;and

    thatoftheandstuseful,50produothingh

    uldafterityoflabour.

    likethedeclationoftheactor,theharaheorator,or

    thetuhesi,theperishesinthe

    veryinstantofitsprodu.

    bothproductiveandunproductivelabourers,andthosewhodo

    notlabouratall,areallequallyintaiheannual

    produceofthelandandlabouroftheuntry.thisproduce,hreatsoever,everbeinfisthavecertain

    lits.aallerreaterproportion

    ofitisinanyoneyeareloyedinintainingunproductive

    hands,thereintheonecaseandthelessiherwill

    reinfortheproductive,ayearsproducewillbe

    greaterorslleragly;thee,ifwe

    exceptthespontaneousprodusoftheearth,beingtheeffect

    ofproductivelabour.

    thoughthehelandandlabourof

    everyuntryis,nodoubt,ultitelydestinedforsupplyingthe

    nsutionofitsinhabitants,andforprareveo

    theyeteseitherfroheground,orfrohe

    handsoftheproductivelabourers,itnaturallydividesitself

    intot,andfrequentlythelargest,is,in

    thefirstplace,destinedforreplagacapital,orfor

    reerials,andfinishedhhad

    beenacapital;theotherfornstitutinga

    revehertotheohiscapital,astheprofitofhis

    stoeotherperson,astherentofhisland.thus,of

    theproduer;

    theotherpayshisprofitaofthelandlord;andthus

    nstitutesarevehtotheohiscapital,asthe

    profitsofhisstoeotherperson,astherentof

    hisland.oftheproduanufae

    nner,o,andthatalhelargest,replacesthe

    capitaloftheuakeroftheheotherpayshisprofit,

    andthusnstitutesareveheohiscapital.

    thatpartoftheannualproduceofthelandandlabourof

    anyuntrydiately

    eloyedtointainanybutproductivehands.itpaysthewages

    ofproduediatelydestinedfor

    nstitutingareveherasprofitorasrent,yintain

    indiffereherproductiveorunproductivehands.

    aneloysasacapital,he

    alploys

    it,therefore,inintainingproductivebandsonly;andafter

    havingservedinthefun,itnstitutes

    areveheploysanypartofitin

    intainingunprodu

    thatnt,hiscapital,andplahisstock

    reservedforiediatensution.

    unproductivelabourers,andthoselabouratall,

    areallintainedbyreveher,first,bythatpartofthe

    annualproduedfornstitutinga

    reveosoparticularpersoherastherentoflandor

    astheprofitsofstock;or,sendly,bythatparthough

    inallydestinedforreplaaintaining

    productivelabourersonly,yetesintotheirhands

    everpartofitisoverandabovetheiecessarysubsistence

    ybeeloyedinintainingindiffereherproductiveor

    unproductivehands.thus,notonlythegreatlandlordortherich

    rt,buteventhenan,ifhiswagesare

    nsiderable,yintainanialservant;orheysotis

    gotoaplayorapuppetshoributehissharetowards

    intainiofunproduaypayso

    taxes,andthushelptointaina,rehonourableand

    usefulindeed,butequallyunproductive.nopartoftheannual

    produce,hoioreplacea

    capital,iseverdirectedtoaintainingunproductivehands

    tillafterithasputintotionitsfullplentof

    produotioninthe

    ployed.theansthaveeaedhis

    ployanypartofthenthis

    hatpart,too,isgenerallybutaslloishis

    sparerevenueonly,ofa

    greatdeal.theygenerallyhaveso,hoent

    oftaxesthegreatnessoftheiuerypensate,inso

    asure,thesllnessoftheirntributioofland

    andtheprofitsofstockareeveryherefore,theprincipal

    sourcesfrovehandsderivetheirsubsistence.

    thesearethetsofrevenueofheownershave

    generallysttospare.theyghtbothintainindifferently

    eitherprodu,hoo

    havesopredileforthelatter.theexpenseofagreat

    lordfeedsgenerallyreidlethanindustriouspeople.therich

    rt,thoughaintainsindustriouspeople

    only,yetbyhisexpehatis,bytheeloyntofhis

    revenue,hefeedsnlytheverysasortasthegreatlord.

    theproportion,therefore,betheproductiveand

    unproductivehands,dependsveryeveryuntryuponthe

    proportiopartoftheannualproduce,h,as

    soonasiteseitherfrohegroundorfrohehandsofthe

    productivelabourers,isdestinedforreplagacapital,and

    thatinedfornstitutingare

    ...
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