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正文 第20节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    小说站  www.xsz.tw台湾小说网  www.192.tw小说站  www.xsz.twtbelohatvalue.the

    preteninationofthein,oprevent

    theexportationofgoldandsilver,bykingequalquantitiesof

    thosetalspassfreatersuinthelonythantheydidin

    thetheruntry.ithatthepriceofall

    goodsfrohetheruntryroseexactlyinproportionasthey

    raisedthedenonationoftheirin,sothattheirgoldand

    silveredasfastasever.

    thepaperofeaentof

    theprovincialtaxes,forthefullvalueforhadbeen

    issued,itneeadditional

    valueoverandabovetherealor

    supposeddistanofitsfinaldischargeand

    redetion.thisadditionalvalueerorless,ag

    asthequantityofpaperissuedoreorlessaboveuld

    beeloyedinthepayntofthetaxesoftheparticularlony

    uchabove

    uldbeeloyedinthisnner.

    apriacertainproportionofhis

    taxesshouldbepaidinapaperneyofacertainkindght

    therebygiveaohoughthe

    terfitsfinaldischargeaionshoulddepend

    altogetherupontheheprihebankhissued

    thispapere

    beloployedinthishedend

    fhtbesuiuorsell

    forsooreithanthequantityofgoldor

    silvercurrencyforepeopleatin

    thisnnerforsterda

    orforthesuperiorityofbankneyovercurrehough

    thisbankney,astheypretend,otbetakenoutofthebank

    attheheoerpartnbillsof

    exgestbepaidinbahatis,byatransferin

    thebooksofthebank;andthedirectorsofthebank,they

    allege,arecarefultokeeptheoney

    alandfor.itisupon

    thisaiuor

    bearsanagiooffourorfiveperenonalsubr >

    ofthegoldandsilvercurrencyoftheuntry.thisatof

    thebankofaterdahoer,isina

    greatasurechirical.

    apapercurrencyhevalueofgoldand

    silveritherebysinkthevalueofthosetals,or

    otoexaller

    quantityofgoodsofanyotherkind.theproportiohe

    valueofgoldandsilverandthatofgoodsofanyotherkind

    dependsinallcasesnotupoureorquantityofany

    particularpaperney,aybecurrentinanyparticular

    untry,butupontheriines,h

    happenatanypartiarketofthe

    rcialetals.itdependsuponthe

    proportiohequantityoflabourhisnecessaryin

    ordertaarket,

    andthatthitheracertain

    quantityofanyothersoods.

    ifbankersarerestrainedfrossuinganycirculatingbank

    notes,ootespayabletothebearer,forlessthaain

    suandiftheyaresubjediate

    andunnditionalpayntofsuknotesassoonas

    preseheirtradey,hsafetytothepublic,be

    renderedinallotherrespectsperfectlyfree.thelate

    ltiplicationofbankingpaniesinbothpartsoftheunited

    kingdoabyanypeoplehavebeenchalard,

    insteadofdinishing,increasesthesecurityofthepublic.it

    obligesalloftheoberecircupetheirndud,

    byendingtheircurrencybeyonditsdueproportionto

    theirselvesagainstthoseliciousruns

    aorsisalo

    bringuporestrainsthecirculationofeachparticular

    panyhinanarroheircirculating

    oaslleuer.bydividingtheioninto

    agreateuerofparts,thefailureofanyonepany,an

    aeshappen,

    beesoflessnsequehepublic.thisfreepetition,

    too,obligesallbaobereliberalintheirdealings

    ers,lesttheirrivalsshouldcarrytheway.

    ingeneral,ifanybranchoftrade,oranydivisionoflabour,be

    advaothepublic,thefreerandregehe

    petition,itoreso.

    chapteriii

    oftheacculationofcapital,orofproductiveandunproductive

    labour

    thereisooflabourothevalueofthe

    subjectupoohereisanotherhhasno

    suer,asitproducesavalue,ybecalled

    productive;thelatter,unproductivelabour.thusthelabourofa

    nufaaterialsh

    heaintenanasters

    profit.thelabourofanialservant,orary,addsto

    thevalueofnothing.thoughthenufacturerhashiswages

    advanbyhisster,he,iy,stshio

    expehevalueofthoseored,

    togetherprovedvalueofthesubjectupon

    aintenanenial

    servantneverisrestored.angroployinga

    ltitudeofnufacturers:hegroaintaininga

    ltitudeofnialservants.thelabourofthelatter,however,

    hasitsvalue,anddeservesitsrehatofthe

    forr.butthelabourofthenufacturerfixesandrealizes

    itselfinsopartiodity,h

    lastsforsotiatleastafterthatlabourispast.itis,as

    itainquantityoflabourstockedandstoreduptobe

    eloyed,ifheroccasion.thatsubject,

    orething,thepriceofthatsubject,

    afterotionaquantityoflabour

    equaltothat.thelabourofthe

    nialservant,orary,doesnotfixorrealizeitself

    inanypartiodity.hisservices

    generallyperishintheveryinstantoftheirperfornd

    seldoeaveanytraforhanequal

    quantityofserviceuldafterured.

    thelabourofsoofthestrespectableordersinthe

    soenialservants,unproductiveofany

    value,afixorrealizeits

    ...
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