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正文 第19节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    小说站  www.xsz.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw台湾小说网  www.192.twthesanohegreat

    ltiplicationofbankingpaniesinstland.is,upon

    stoccasions,fullyascheapinenglandasinfrahough

    thereisagreatdealofpaperneyinengland,andscary

    infran1751andin1752,epublishedhis

    politiultiplicationof

    paperneyinstland,therehe

    priceofprovisions,oothebadnessofthe

    seasons,andnottotheltiplioney.

    itoneynsisting

    inprossorynotes,ofdiatepayntdepended,in

    anyrespect,eitheruponthegood,

    oruponanditionightnot

    alent

    berofyears,andh

    iiborenoi.suchapaperneywould,no

    doubt,fallreorlessbelohevalueofgoldandsilver,

    adiate

    payntobegreaterorless;tothe

    greaterorlessdistawasexigible.

    sothedifferentbankingpaniesofstland

    hepracticeofiingintotheirbanknotes,

    theyentto

    thebearer,eitherassoonasthenoteshouldbepresented,or,

    iionofthedireonthsaftersuch

    presentnt,togetherhthelegaliforthesaidsix

    nths.thedireeofthosebankssotistook

    advahisoptiohreatehose

    andedgoldandsilverinexgeforansiderable

    heiotesthattheyakeadva,

    unlesssudersselveshapartof

    aheprossoryhosebanking

    paitutedatthattithefargreaterpartofthe

    currencyofstla

    necessarilydegradedbelooney.

    duriinuahisabusehprevailedchieflyin

    1762,1763,and1764,heexgebetweenlondonand

    carlislefrieswould

    sotisbefourpertagainstduries,thoughthistownis

    notthirtylesdistantfroarlisle.butatcarlisle,bills

    friestheywerepaid

    instknotes,andtheuaintyofgettingthosebank

    notesex

    fourpertbeloeactof

    parliantenandfiveshillingbanknotes

    suppressedlikehisoptionalclause,andtherebyrestored

    theexgebetlandtoitsnaturalrate,or

    toittahappentoke

    it.

    inthepaperentofso

    sllasusasixpenesdependedupoion

    thattheholderofthenoteshouldbringthegeofaguinea

    totheperson;anditionheholdersof

    suightfrequentlyfinditverydifficulttofulfil,and

    usthavedegradedthiscurrencybelohevalueofgold

    andsilverney.aaglydeclaredall

    suchclausesunlaennerasin

    stland,allprossorynotes,payabletothebearer,under

    tyshillingsvalue.

    thepapererisisted,notinbank

    notespayabletothebearerondend,butipaper,

    ofentexigibletillseveralyearsafterit

    entspaidnoio

    theholdersofthispaper,theydeclaredittobe,andinfact

    re,alegaltenderofpayntforthefullvaluefor

    allohelonysecuritytobe

    perfectlygood,ahundredpoundspayablefifteenyearshence,for

    exale,inauatsixpert,ish

    littlerethanfortypoundsreadyoobligeacreditor,

    therefore,toaentforadebtofa

    hundredpoundsactuallypaiddooneyof

    suptedby

    thegoventofanyotheruntryeobefree.

    itbearstheevidentrksofhavinginallybeen,the

    hoanddoe

    offrauduleorstoentof

    pennsylvania,indeed,pretended,upontheirfirstessionof

    paperney,in1722,toreheirpaperofequalvalueh

    goldandsilverbyenagpenaltiesagainstallthoseade

    anydifferehepriceoftheirgoods

    foralonypaper,andfoldandsilver;

    aregulationequallytyrannical,butchlesseffectualthan

    thateanttosupport.apositivelaayrendera

    shillienderfuinea,becauseitydirectthe

    urtsofjusticetodischargethedebtoradethat

    tender.butnopositivelaanobligeapersonwhosellsgoods,

    andlibertytoselloottosellashepleases,to

    acceptofashillingasequivalenttoaguihepriceof

    thenothstandinganyregulationofthiskind,itappearedby

    theurseofexgehgreatbritain,thatahundredpounds

    sterlingeof

    thelooahundredandthirtypounds,andiosreatasuselevenhundredpoundscurrency;thisdifferen

    thevaluearisingfrohedifferehequantityofpaper

    ettedinthedifferentlonies,andiand

    probabilityoftheterfitsfinaldischargeaion.

    nolaoreequitablethaof

    parliant,sounjustlyplainedofinthelonies,h

    deittedthereinti

    ingshouldbealegaltenderofpaynt.

    pennsylvaniaorederateinitsessionsof

    paperhananyotherofourlospapercurrency,

    agly,issaidohavesunkbelohevalueofthe

    goldandsilverinthelonybeforethefirst

    essionofitspaperney.beforethatession,thelonyhad

    raisedthedenonationofitsin,andhad,byably,

    orderedfiveshillingssterlingtopassinthelonyforsixand

    threependafterpence.apoundlony

    currency,therefore,evenhatcurrencywasgoldandsilver,

    orethanthirtypertbelohevalueofapound

    sterling,andhatcurreopaperitwas

    seldouchrethanthirtyper

    ...
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