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正文 第18节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw小说站  www.xsz.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.twquantityofhesapieces,byarerapidcirculation,

    servingastheinstruntofnyrepurchasesoftheonekind

    thanoftheother.

    paperneyybesulatedaseithertoself

    verychtothecirculatiohedifferentdealers,orto

    extenditselflikeoagreatpartofthatbethe

    dealersandthensurs.esarecirculated

    uenpoundsvalue,asinlondon,paperneyself

    verychtothecirculatiohedealers.en

    poundbankothehandsofansur,heis

    generallyobligedtogeitatthefirstshopwherehehas

    occasiontopurchasefiveshillingshofgoods,sothatit

    ofteusintothehandsofadealerbeforethensurhas

    speiethpartoftheney.esareissued

    forsosllsuastyshillings,asinstland,paper

    endsitselftoansiderablepartofthecirculation

    beters.beforetheaent,

    astoptothecirculationoftenandfiveshilling

    filledastillgreaterpartofthatcirculation.inthe

    erica,papernlyissuedforso

    sllasusashilling,andfilledalstthehat

    epapercurrenciesofyorkshire,itwasissued

    evenforsosllasusasixpence.

    allsuis

    allonlypractised,nyanpeoplearebothenabled

    andenuragedtobeebankers.apersonissorynote

    forfivepounds,orevenfortyshillings,ed

    byeverybody,ittobereceivedhoutscruple

    isissuedforsosllasusasixpethefrequent

    bankruptay

    oetisevena

    verygreatcalatytonypoorpeopleheir

    notesinpaynt.

    itter,perhaps,thatnobanknoteswereissuedin

    anypartofthekingdoorasllersuhanfivepounds.paper

    neyhen,probably,self,ineverypartofthe

    kingdotothecirculatiohedifferentdealers,as

    chasitdoesatpresentinlondon,esare

    issueduenpoundsvalue;fivepoundsbeing,instparts

    ofthekingdoasure

    thanhalfthequantityofgoods,isassidered,andisas

    seldopentallatonidsttheprofuse

    expenseoflondon.

    oistobeobserved,isprettych

    hecirculatio

    london,thereisalyofgoldandsilver.

    extendsitselftoansiderablepartofthecirculatioween

    dealersandnsurs,asinstland,andstillreinnorth

    ariostentirelyfrohe

    untry;alstalltheordinarytransasofitsinterior

    rcebeingthuscarriedonbypaper.thesuppressionoften

    andfiveshillingbanknotessorelievedthescarcityoldandsilverinstland;andthesuppressionofty

    shillingnotesore.thosetals

    aresaidtohavebeereabundantinaricethe

    suppressionofsooftheirpapercurreheyaresaid,

    likeoreabundantbeforetheinstitutionof

    thosecurrencies.

    thoughpaperneyshouldbeprettyfihe

    circulatiobanksandbankers

    ghtstillbeabletogivenearlythesaassistahe

    industryaheuntryastheyhaddonewhenpaper

    neyfilledalsttheoneyh

    adealerisobligedtokeepbyhiforanscasional

    dends,isdestiogetherforthecirculatioween

    hielfandotherdealersofhebuysgoods.hehasno

    oforthecirculatioself

    andthensurs,ers,andwhready

    ohiinsteadoftakinganyfroithoughnopaper

    herefore,sas

    uchtothecirculatioweendealers

    anddealers,yet,partlybydisuntingrealbillsofexge,

    andpartlybylendinguponcashats,banksandbankersght

    stillbeabletorelievethegreaterpartofthosedealersfrobr >

    theyofkeepinganynsiderablepartoftheirstockby

    theuneloyedandinreadyney,foranscasional

    dends.theyghtstillbeabletogivetheutstassistance

    hpropriety,givetotradersof

    everykind.

    torestrainprivatepeople,itybesaid,froeceiving

    inpaynttheprossorynotesofabanker,foranysuer

    greatorsll,selvesare,

    ortorestrainabankerfrossuingsuotes,whenallhis

    neighboursare,isaviolation

    ofthatnaturallibertyistheproperbusinessoflaw

    notte,buttosupport.suay,nodoubt,

    bensideredasinsorespectsaviolationofnaturalliberty.

    butthoseexertionsofthenaturallibertyofafewindividuals,

    ightendahesecurityofthey,are,and

    oughttobe,restraihelaents,ofthe

    stfreeasostdespotical.theobligationof

    buildingpartynicationof

    fire,isaviolationofnaturallibertyexaekind

    htheregulationsofthebankingtradeharehere

    proposed.

    apaperneynsistinginbanknotes,issuedbypeopleof

    undoubtedandhoutanyndition,and

    infactaled,is,inevery

    respeoney;sincegoldand

    silverneyatanytibehadforit.everiseither

    boughtorsoldforsuchpaperstnecessarilybeboughtorsold

    ascheapasituldhavebeenfoldandsilver.

    theihasbeensaid,byaugnting

    thequantity,andnsequentlydinishingthevalueofthewhole

    odities.

    butasthequantityofgoldandsilver,the

    currency,isalothequantityofpaperhisadded

    toit,paperneydoesnotnecessarilyihequantityof

    thethebeginningofthelastturytothe

    presentti,provisionsneverlandthanin

    1759,though,frohecirculationoftenandfiveshillingbank

    hereorepaperheuntrythanat

    present.theproportiohepriceofprovisionsin

    stlandandthatinenglandis

    ...
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