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正文 第15节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw小说站  www.xsz.tw台湾小说网  www.192.twbeenpaidinatseveraldifferentinstalnts.

    agreatpartoftheproprietors,heypaidintheirfirst

    instalnt,openedacashaththebank;andthe

    direselvesobligedtotreattheirown

    proprietorseliberalityhheytreatedall

    othern,alloanyoftheoborrohiscashat

    ents.such

    paynts,therefore,onlyputintoo

    beforebeeofanother.buthadtheffersofthis

    bankbeenfilledeversoust

    haveetiedtheasterthantheyuldhavebeenreplenishedby

    anyotherexpedientbuttheruinousoneofdrawinguponlondon,

    andedue,payingit,togetherhi

    andssion,byanotherdraftuponthesaplace.itsffers

    havingbeenfilledsoveryill,itissaidtohavebeendrivento

    thisresourthsafteritbegantodo

    busiheestatesoftheproprietorsofthisbankh

    severalllions,andbytheirsubscriptiontotheinalbond

    orntractofthebank,werereallypledgedforansweringall

    itses.byansofthegreatcredita

    pledgenecessarilygaveit,ithstandingitstoo

    liberalnduorethantwo

    years.ostop,ithadinthecirculation

    aboutthousandpoundsinbanknotes.io

    supportthecirculationofthosenotesinually

    retuinguponitasfasttheyhadbeen

    nstantlyinthepracticeofdrahangeupon

    london,ofberandvalueinually

    increasing,and,ououpwardsofsix

    huhousandpounds.thisbank,therefore,had,inlittle

    rethantheurseoftodifferentpeople

    uphuhousandpoundsatfivepert.upon

    thethousandpoundscirculatedinbank

    hisfivepertght,perhaps,bensideredasclear

    gain,houtanyotherdedubesidestheexpenseof

    .butuponuphousandpounds,for

    inuallydrahangeuponlondon,

    itssion,upwardsof

    eightpert,ahanthreeper

    orethanthreefourthsofallitsdealings.

    theoperationsofthisbankseeohaveproducedeffects

    quiteoppositetothoseeheparticular

    personstohaveintended

    tosupportthespiriteduakings,forassuchtheynsidered

    theecarryingonindifferentpartsof

    theuntry;andatthesati,bydrahewholebanking

    busiotheelves,tosupplantalltheotherstks,

    particularlythoseestablishedinedinburgh,kwardness

    indisuntingbillsofexgehadgivensooffehis

    bank,nodoubt,gavesoteoraryrelieftothoseprojectors,

    andeheocarryontheirprojectsforabouttwoyears

    lohantheyuldotherittherebyonly

    eheogetsochdeeperi,sothat,whenruin

    andupontheir

    creditors.theoperationsofthisbank,therefore,insteadof

    relieving,iyaggravatedinthelongruress

    selvesandupon

    theiruntry.ituselves,

    their

    beenobligedtostopthauallydid.the

    teoraryrelief,hohisbankaffordedtothose

    projearelieftotheother

    stks.allthedealersincirculatingbillsofexge,

    esobag,

    hadreursetothisneheyhopen

    ar.thoseotherbanks,therefetvery

    easilyoutofthatfatalcircle,froeyuldnot

    otherselveshoutincurringa

    nsiderableloss,andperhapstooevensodegreeofdiscredit.

    inthelongrun,therefore,theoperationsofthisbank

    increasedtherealdistressoftheuo

    relieve;andeffectuallyrelievedfrreatdistress

    thoserivalsitanttosupplant.

    atthefirstsettingoutofthisbank,itheopinionof

    sopeoplethathoightbeetied,it

    ghteasilyreplenishtheyraisingneyuponthesecurities

    ofthosetoithadadvaspaper.experience,i

    believe,soonnvinoney

    uchtooslooansheirpurpose;andthatffers

    ptiedtheelves

    soveryfast,uldbereplenishedbynootherexpedientbutthe

    ruinousoneofdrae

    due,payiherdraftsuponthesaplaceh

    acculatediandssion.butthoughtheyhadbeen

    ablebythisthodtoraiseneyasfastastheyedit,

    yet,insteadofkingaprofit,theysthavesufferedaloss

    byeverysuusthave

    ruiheelvesasartilepany,though,perhaps,not

    sosoonasbythereexpensivepracticeofdrawingand

    redraadenothingbytheiof

    thepaper,thecirculationof

    theuntryuldabsorbandeloy,retuedupontheinorder

    tobeexgedfoldandsilver,asfastastheyissuedit;

    andforthepayntofselvesntinually

    obligedtoborrooney.orary,thewholeexpenseof

    thisborroployiolookoutforpeoplewho

    hadolend,ofiatinghthosepeople,andof

    draent,sthavefallenupon

    theandhavebeensochclearlossuponthebalaheir

    ats.theprojectofreplenishingtheirffersinthis

    nnerybeparedtothatofan

    inuallyrunningout,andintohno

    streanuallyrunning,butokeepit

    alployinganuerofpeopletogo

    ntinuallyelesdistan

    ordertertorepleni**.

    butthoughthisoperationhadprovednotonlypracticable

    butprofitabletothebankasartilepahe

    untryuldhavederivednobefrot;but,onthe

    ntrary,sthavesufferedaverynsiderablelossbyit.this

    operationuldnotaugntinthesllestdegreethequantity

    ofobelent.ituldonlyhaveerectedt

    ...
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