小说站
小说站 欢迎您!
小说站 > 历史军事 > 国富论(英文版)

正文 第14节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    小说站  www.xsz.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw台湾小说网  www.192.twveryseldoibelieve,had

    thegoodfortuofindit.

    thebillsainedinburghdrewuponbinlondon,heregularly

    disuonthsbeforetheyebankor

    bankerinedinburgh;andthebillshbinlondonredrewupon

    ainedinburgh,heasregularlydisuherhthebank

    ofengland,oreotherbankersinlondon.everwas

    advanceduponsuchcirculatingbills,ed

    inthepaperofthestks,andinlondon,heywere

    disuhebankofengland,inthepaperofthatbank.

    thoughthebillsuponhispaperhadbeenadvancedwereall

    oftheepaidiuassoonastheybecadue;yetthe

    valuehefirstbill,was

    neverreallyretuedtothebanks;because,

    beforeeachbillbecadue,anotherbillo

    soountthanthebillobe

    paid;andthedisuntingofthisotherbillially

    necessarytoentofthatobedue.

    thispaynt,therefore,,

    eansofthosecirculatingbillsofexge,hadonce

    beeorunoutfroheffersofthebanks,wasnever

    replacedbyanystrea

    thepaperhosecirculatingbillsof

    exanyoccasions,tothewholefund

    destinedforevastaensiveprojectof

    agrianufaerelytothat

    partofitoheprojector

    ,uneloyedandinready

    neyforansands.thegreaterpartofthis

    paperly,overandabovethevalueofthegoldand

    silverediry,hadtherebeen

    nopaperherefore,the

    ploy,and

    uponthatat,iediatelyretueduponthebanksinorder

    tobeexgedfoldandsilver,heyofindas

    theyuld.italhoseprojectorshadvery

    artfullyntrivedtodrathosebanks,notonlyhout

    theirki,

    perhaps,ostdistantsuspithat

    theyhadreallyadva.

    inuallydrawingandredrawing

    upoher,disunttheirbillsale

    banker,hestiediatelydisvertheyareabout,andsee

    clearlythattheyaretrading,nothanycapitaloftheirown,

    but.butthis

    disveryisnotaltogethersoeasyheydisunttheir

    billssotisetishanother,and

    etnstantlydrawandredrawupon

    oher,butoccasionallyruntheroundofagreatcircleof

    projectors,fortheirioassistoher

    inthisthodofraisingney,andtore,uponthat

    at,asdifficultaspossibletodistinguishbetweenareal

    andfictitiousbillofexge;betweenabilldrawnbyareal

    creditoruponarealdebtor,andabillforherewas

    properlynorealcreditorbuttheba,nor

    anyrealdebtorbuttheprojeoney.when

    abankerhadevehisdisvery,heghtsotiskeit

    toolate,andghtfindthathehadalreadydisuhebills

    ofthoseprojectorstosogreatahat,byrefusingto

    disuntanyre,heakethellbankrupts,

    andthus,byruiniperhapsruinhielf.forhis

    oightfinditnecessary,

    inthisveryperiloussituation,togoonforsoti,

    endeav,hoohdrahat

    atkingeverydaygreateraerdifficultiesabout

    disunting,ioforcethoseprojectorsbydegreesto

    havereurse,eithertootherbankers,ortootherthodsof

    raisingney;sothathehielfght,assoonaspossible,get

    outofthecircle.thedifficulties,agly,hebank

    ofengland,heprincipalbankersinlondon,andheven

    thereprudentstksbegan,afteracertainti,and

    hadalreadygooofar,tokeabout

    disunting,notonlyalard,butehehighestdegree

    thoseprojectors.theiroress,ofhisprudentand

    e

    occasion,theycalledthedistressoftheuntry;andthis

    distressoftheuntry,theysaid,ogetheroothe

    ignorance,pusillanity,andbadnductofthebanks,hdid

    notgiveasuffitlyliberalaidtothespiriteduakings

    ofthoseselvesiobeautify,irove,

    andenrichtheuntry.ited

    tothink,tolendforaslongati,andtoasgreata

    astheyghtoborrohebanks,however,byrefusingin

    thisogiverecredittothosetotheyhadalready

    givedealtooethodbywas

    noosaveeithertheiroorthepubliccredit

    oftheuntry.

    iofthisclauranddistress,anewbankwas

    establishedinstlandfortheexpresspurposeofrelievingthe

    distressoftheuntry.thedesignthe

    executionprudent,aureandcausesofthe

    distresseanttorelieve,perhaps,well

    uood.thisbankoreliberalthananyotherhadever

    been,bothingrantingcashats,andindisuntingbillsof

    exadescarce

    anydistinbetingbills,buttohave

    disuntedallequally.itheavohisbank

    toadvance,uponanyreasonablesecurity,thealh

    ployedinthoseiroventsofheretusare

    thestsloproventsofland.to

    protesuentsobethechiefofthe

    publicspiritedpurposesforituted.byits

    liberalityingrantingcashats,andindisuntingbillsof

    exge,it,nodoubt,issuedgreatquantitiesofitsbank

    notes.butthosebanknotesbeing,thegreaterpartoftheover

    andabovethecirculationoftheuntryuldeasilyabsorb

    andeloy,retueduponit,iobeexgedfold

    andsilverasfastastheysfferswerenever

    alothisbank

    attouoonehundredandsixty

    thousandpounds,ofypertonlyhis

    suughttohave

    ...
(快捷键 ←)上一章 本书目录 下一章(快捷键 →)
全文阅读 | 加入书架书签 | 推荐本书 | 打开书架 | 返回书页 | 返回书目