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正文 第11节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw小说站  www.xsz.twprudenploythisruinous

    resource.

    thegoldiherbythebankof

    england,orbythestks,inexgeforthatpartof

    theirpaperployedin

    thecirculationoftheuntry,beinglikewiseoverandabove

    ployedinthatessent

    abroadintheshapeofin,sotislteddo

    abroadintheshapeofbullion,andsotislteddownand

    soldtothebankofenglandatthehighpriceoffourpoundsan

    ouheheheaviest,apiely

    oftheher

    sentabroadorlteddoe,andainedin

    theshapeofin,thoseheavypiecesorevaluethan

    thelight.buttheyorevalueabroad,orelted

    doe.thebankofengland,nothstanding

    theirgreatannualinage,foundtotheirastonishntthat

    thereescarcityofinastherehadbeen

    theyearbefore;andthatnothstandingthegreatquantityoodandhebank,the

    stateofthein,insteadofgroe

    everyyearselves

    uheneequantityofgold

    astheyhadiheyearbefore,andfrohentinualrise

    inthepriceofgoldbullion,innsequehentinual

    hein,theexpehisgreat

    annualinagebecaeveryyeargreateraer.thebankof

    england,itistobeobserved,bysupplyingitsoh

    in,isilyobligedtosupplythe,into

    thoseffersi

    varietyofeverinthereforeedtosupport

    thisexcessivecirculationbothofstdenglishpaper

    ney,evervacuitiesthisexcessivecirculationoccasioned

    ihebankofenglandwas

    obligedtosupplythethestks,nodoubt,paidallof

    theerydearlyfortheiroprudendiion.but

    thebankofenglandpaidverydearly,notonlyforitsown

    irudenuostallthe

    stks.

    theovertradingofsoboldprojectorsinbothpartsofthe

    unitedkingdinalcauseofthisexcessive

    oney.

    abankertor

    uakerofanykind,isherthealh

    rades,orevenanynsiderablepartofthatcapital;

    butthatpartofitonlyhero

    keepbyhineloyed,andinreadyneyforanswering

    oands.ifthepaperneyhebankadvances

    neverexceedsthisvalue,iteverexceedthevalueofthe

    goldandsilvereiry

    ifthereoeverexceedthequantity

    hecirculationoftheuntryeasilyabsorband

    eloy.

    ertarealbillofexge

    draoruponarealdebtor,andh,assoon

    asitbeesdue,isreallypaidbythatdebtor,itonly

    advanapartofthevalueherwisebe

    obligedtokeepbyhineloyedandinreadyneyfor

    ansands.thepayntofthebill,

    beesdue,replacestothebankthevalueofithad

    advaogetherhtheiheffersofthebank,so

    farasitsdealingsareosublea

    isntinuallyrunning

    out,yetanotherisntinuallyrunningin,fullyequaltothatsothat,houtanyfurthercareorattention,

    thepondkeepsaltle

    ooexpenseeverbenecessaryforreplenishingtheffers

    ofsuchabank.

    art,ayfrequentlyhave

    oofreadyney,eveno

    disunt.inghisbills,advances

    hiikesuponhiscashat,

    andaealrepayntastheneyesinfrobr >

    theosofthe

    bankingpaniesofstland;itdispenseshintirelyfrohe

    neuneloyedand

    inreadyneyforansands.h

    dendsa,hessuffitly

    froiscashat.thebank,hohsuch

    custors,oughttoreatattentiohe

    urseofsoshortperiodoffour,five,six,htnths

    forexalethesuftherepayntsnlyreceives

    frohes,orisnot,fullyequaltothatoftheadvances

    heif,hintheurseofsuch

    shortperiods,thesuftherepayntsfroertaincustors

    is,uponstoccasions,fullyequaltothatoftheadva

    ysafelyntiodealers.thoughthe

    streats

    ffersybeverylarge,thatinuallyrunninginto

    theustbeatleastequallylarge;sothathoutanyfurther

    careorattentionthoseffersarelikelytobealwaysequally

    orverynearequallyfull;andscarceevertorequireany

    extraordinaryexpeoreplenishtheif,orary,the

    suftherepayntsfrorsfallsnly

    very,itot

    ers,atleastif

    theyntiodealahestreais

    inthisitsffersis

    necessarilychlargerthanthatinuallyrunning

    in;sothat,uheyarereplenishedbysogreatand

    ntinualeffortofexpehoseffersstsoonbeexhausted

    altogether.

    thebankingpaniesofstland,agly,werefora

    longtiveryents

    frolltheircustors,anddidnotcaretodealhany

    person,ightbehisfortuneorcredit,

    ke,theycalled,frequentandregularoperationsh

    thebythisattention,besidessavingalstehe

    extraordinaryexpenseofreplenishingtheirffers,theygained

    therverynsiderableadvantages.

    first,bythisattentiontheyakeso

    tolerablejudghethrivingordeing

    circesoftheirdebtors,houtbeingobligedtolookout

    foranyotherevidencebesidestheirownbooksafforded

    thenbeingforthestparteither

    ...
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