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正文 第10节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    台湾小说网  www.192.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.twcirculatingpaperat

    anytiexceedthatsuastheexcessuldherbesent

    abroadnorbeeloyedi

    iediatelyretuuponthebankstobeexgedfoldand

    silver.nypeoplediatelyperceivethattheyhadre

    ofthispaperthanransagtheirbusiness

    atho,andastheyuldabroad,theywould

    iediatelydendpayntofitfrohebanks.his

    superfluouspaperedintogoldandsilver,theyuld

    easilyfindauseforitbysendingitabroad;buttheyuld

    findnoneaiheshapeofpaper.therewould

    iediately,therefore,bearunuponthebankstothewhole

    extentofthissuperfluouspaper,and,iftheyshowedany

    diffiuchgreaterextent;

    thealarishe

    run.

    overandabovetheexpeoeverybranch

    oftrade;suchastheexpenseofhouserent,thewagesof

    servants,clerks,atac.;theexpensespeculiartoa

    banknsistchieflyinticles:first,intheexpenseof

    keepingatalltisinitsffers,foransheoccasional

    dendsoftheholdersofitsnotes,alargesufney,of

    losesthei;and,sendly,intheexpenseof

    replenishingthoseffersasfastastheyareetiedby

    ansands.

    abankingpany,orepaperthanbe

    eloyedinthecirculationoftheuntry,andofhe

    exforpaynt,oughtto

    ihequantityofgoldandsilver,heykeepatall

    tisintheirffers,notonlyinproportiontothisexcessive

    inuchgreaterproportion;

    theiotesretuingupontheuchfasterthaninproportionto

    theexcessoftheirquantity.suchapany,therefore,oughtto

    ihefirstarticleoftheirexpeonlyin

    proportiontothisforcreaseoftheirbusiness,butina

    chgreaterproportion.

    theffersofsuchapanytoo,thoughtheyoughttobe

    filledchfuller,yetstetytheelveschfasterthanif

    theirbusinessorereasonablebounds,and

    strequire,notonlyareviolent,butarenstantand

    uninterruptedexertionofexpenseioreplenishthethe

    intoo,husntinuallydrahlarge

    quantitiesfroheirffers,ployedinthe

    circulationoftheuntry.itesinplaceofapaperhis

    overandaboveployedinthatcirculation,andis

    thereforeoverandaboveployedinittoo.butas

    thatinust,inoneshape

    oranother,besentabroad,iofindthatprofitable

    eloynte;andthisntinual

    exportationofgoldandsilver,byenhangthedifficulty,st

    necessarilyenhaillfurthertheexpehebank,in

    findingneoreplenishthoseffers,

    ptytheelvessoveryrapidly.suchapany,

    therefore,st,inproportiontothisforcreaseoftheir

    business,inore

    thanthefirst.

    letussupposethatallthepaperofaparticularbank,

    hecirculationoftheuntryeasilyabsorband

    eloy,aulytofortythousandpounds;andthatfor

    ansands,thisbankisobligedtokeepatall

    tisinitsfferstenthousandpoundsingoldandsilver.

    shouldthisbankattettocirculatefortyfourthousandpounds,

    thefourthousandpoundsthe

    ploy,uuponit

    alstasfastastheyareissued.foranscasional

    dends,therefore,thisbankoughttokeepatalltisinits

    ffers,noteleventhousandpoundsonly,butfourteenthousand

    pounds.ithusgainnothingbytheiofthefour

    thousandpoundsexcessivecirculation;andithe

    inuallyllegfourthousandpoundsin

    goldandsilver,inuallygoingoutofits

    ffersasfastastheyarebroughtintothe

    hadeveryparticularbankingpanyaloodand

    atteoitsoicularihecirculationnever

    uldhavebeeockedoney.butevery

    particularbankingpanyhasnotaloodorattended

    toitsoiculari,andthecirculationhas

    frequentlybeeockedoney.

    byissuingtoogreataquantityofpaper,ofhe

    excessinuallyretuing,iobeexgedfoldandsilver,thebankofenglandaogether

    obligedtoingoldtotheextentofbethundred

    thousandpoundsandallionayear;oratanaverage,about

    eighthundredandfiftythousandpounds.forthisgreatinage

    thebankinnsequeheateinto

    hegoldinhadfallenafely

    obligedtopurchasegoldbullionatthehighpriceoffourpounds

    anounce,soonafterissuedininat5317s.1012d.

    anouhree

    per.thoughthebank

    thereforepaidnoseigne,thoughthegoventroperly

    attheexpeheihisliberalityofgoventdid

    notpreventaltogethertheexpehebank.

    theste

    kind,ploynstantlyagentsatlondonto

    lle,atanexpensebelowone

    andahalfortoneydohe

    hecarriersatanadditionalexpenseof

    threequarterspertorfifteenshillingsonthehundred

    pounds.thoseagentsaloreplenishthe

    ffersoftheireloyerssofastastheyptied.inthis

    casetheresourceofthebanksodraheir

    rresposinlondonbillsofexgetotheextentofthe

    sueyed.hoserresposafterwardsdrew

    upohepayntofthissutogetherhthei

    andassion,sonifthosebanks,frohedistressinto

    ,hadsotis

    nootheransofsatisfyingthisdraughtbutbydraond

    setofbillseitheruponthesa,oruponsoother

    rresposinlondon;andthesasuorratherbillsfor

    thesasuanisrethantwo

    orthreejoueys,thedebtor,bank,payingalhei

    andssionupoedsueventhosestch

    banksselvesbytheirextre

    im

    ...
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