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正文 第7节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw台湾小说网  www.192.tw小说站  www.xsz.twiresofurther

    explication.

    thereareseveraldifferentsortsofpaperney;butthe

    circulatingnotesofbanksandbankersarethespecieshis

    bestkadaptedforthispurpose.

    hepeopleofanyparticularuntryhavesuch

    nfidehefortune,probity,andprudenceofaparticular

    banker,astobelievethatheisaland

    suissorynotesasarelikelytobeatanyti

    preseohithoseohavethesacurrencyas

    goldandsilverney,frohehatsueyat

    anytibehadforthe

    apartiershisown

    prossoryotheextent,weshallsuppose,ofahundred

    thousandpounds.asthosenotesserveallthepurposesofney,

    hisdebtorspayhihesaiasifhehadlenttheo

    e

    ofthosenotesarentinuallyingbaforpaynt,

    partofthetioonthsaogether.

    thoughhehasgenerallyincirculation,therefore,he

    extentofahuhousandpounds,tythousandpoundsin

    goldandsilveryfrequentlybeasuffitprovisionfor

    ansands.bythisoperation,therefore,

    tallthe

    funshousanduldotherwisehave

    perford.thesaexgesybede,thesaquantityof

    nsublegoodsybecirculatedanddistributedtotheir

    propernsurs,byansofhisprossoryothevalue

    ofahuhousandpounds,asbyanequalvalueofgoldand

    silverythousandpoundsofgoldandsilver,

    therefore,,inthisnner,besparedfrohecirculationof

    theuntry;andifdiffereionsofthesakindshould,

    atthesati,beanydifferentbanksand

    baheaythusbenductedhafifth

    partonlyofthegoldandsilverherwisehavebeen

    requisite.

    letussuppose,forexale,thattheing

    neyofsopartie,

    toonellionsterling,thatsueingthensuffitfor

    circulatingtheheirlandandlabour.

    letussuppose,too,thatsotithereafter,differentbanks

    andbankersissuedprossorynotes,payabletothebearer,to

    theextentofonellion,reservingintheirdifferentffers

    tands.

    thereain,therefore,incirculatiohundred

    thousandpoundsingoldandsilver,andallionofbanknotes,

    hteenhuhousandpoundsofpaperaogether.

    buttheannualproduceofthelandandlabouroftheuntryhad

    beforerequiredonlyonelliontocirculateanddistributeit

    toitspropernsurs,andthatannualprodunotbe

    iediatelyaughoseoperationsofbanking.one

    llion,therefore,tocirculateitafter

    thethegoodstobeboughtandsoldbeingpreciselythesaas

    before,thesaquantityofneyforbuying

    andselliheaybeallowed

    sueasbefore.one

    lliontofillthatel.

    otrun

    init,butstoverfloilliohuhousand

    poundsarepouredintoit.eighthuhousandpounds,

    therefore,stoverflobeingoverandabove

    beeloyedinthecirculationoftheuntry.butthoughthis

    suloyedatho,itistoovaluabletobeallowed

    tolieidle.itherefore,besentabroad,ioseek

    thatprofitableeloythe

    paperthebanks

    theuntryiofit

    beexaents.

    goldandsilver,therefore,totheauhundred

    thousandpoundse

    circulationainfilledillionofpaper,instead

    ofthellionofthosetalsbefore.

    butthoughsogreataquantityofgoldandsilveristhus

    sentabroad,ustnotigihatitissentabroadfor

    nothing,orthatitsproprietorskeapresentofittn

    nations.theyekindor

    another,iosupplythensutioherofsoother

    fnuntryoroftheirown.

    iftheyeloyitinpurchasinggoodsinonefnuntry

    iosupplythensutionofanother,orinis

    calledthecarryingtrade,akewillbean

    additiontothereveheirory.itislikea

    icbusiness

    beingnoransactedbypaper,andthegoldandsilverbeing

    edintoafundforthisnerade.

    iftheyeloyitinpure

    nsution,theyyeither,first,purchasesuchgoodsasare

    likelytobensudbyidlepeoplehing,suchas

    fnay

    puraterials,tools,andprovisions,

    iointainandeloyanadditionalnuerof

    industriouspeople,haprofit,thevalueof

    theirannualnsution.

    sofarasitiseloyedinthefirstotes

    prodigality,increasesexpenseandnsutionhoutincreasing

    produafundforsupp

    thatexpense,andisineveryrespecthurtfultothesociety.

    sofarasitiseloyedinthesendotes

    industry;andthoughitincreasesthensutionofthesociety,

    itprovidesaperfundforsuppthatnsution,the

    peopleereprodug,haprofit,thewholevalueof

    theirannualnsution.thegrossrevehesociety,the

    annualproduceoftheirlandandlabour,isincreasedbythe

    enaddstothe

    terialsuponployed;arevenueby

    ainsofthisvalue,afterdedugisnecessaryfor

    suppthetoolsandinstruntsoftheirtrade.

    thatthegreaterpartofthegoldandsilverh,being

    forployedin

    purensution,isandstbe

    eloyedinpursnotonly

    probablebutalstunavoidable.thoughsoparticularny

    sotisiheirexpenseverynsiderablythoughtheir

    revenuedoesnotincreaseatall,aybeassuredthatnoclass

    or

    ...
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