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正文 第8节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子小说    m.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tworderofneverdoesso;because,thoughtheprinciplesof

    nprudenotalhenductofevery

    individual,theyalajorityofevery

    classororder.buttherevenueofidlepeople,nsideredasa

    allestdegree,beincreasedby

    thoseoperationsofbanking.theirexpenseingeneral,therefore,

    ucreasedbythethoughthatofafew

    individualsangtheay,andiysotisis.the

    dendofidlepeople,therefore,fngoodsbeingthe

    sa,orverynearlythesa,asbefore,averysllpartof

    theney,hoseoperationsof

    banking,iseloyedinpure

    nsution,islikelytobeeloyedinpurchasingthosefor

    theiruse.thegreaterpartofiturallybedestinedfor

    theeloyntofindustry,andnotfortheintenanceof

    idleness.

    ethequantityofindustryhe

    ploy,ustalways

    haveregardtothosepartsofitonlyin

    provisions,terials,andfinishedheother,h

    nsistsinney,andocirculatethose

    three,staled.ioputindustryinto

    tion,threethingsarerequisite;terialstoools

    topehesakeofh

    theaterialtoworkupon,nora

    tooltoanare

    nlypaidtohinney,hisrealrevenue,likethatofall

    othern,nsists,notinney,butintheneysh;not

    ialpieces,butin.

    thequantityofindustryployst,

    evidently,beequaltothenuerofenitsupply

    aterials,tools,andainteabletothenature

    oftheayberequisiteforpurchasierials

    andtoolsoftheainteheen.

    butthequantityofindustryploy

    isoneyo

    theterials,tools,andintenance,h

    it;butonlytooherofthosetothe

    latterreproperlythantotheforr.

    ofgoldandsilver

    hequantityoftheterials,tools,andintenance,

    aybeincreased

    bytheployed

    inpurchasihehegreatwheelof

    circulationanddistributionisaddedtothegoodshare

    e

    asure,reselesthatoftheuakerofsogreatwork,

    proventinics,takesdown

    hisoldery,andaddsthedifferesprid

    thatofthene

    aterialsanden.

    istheproportiononeyofany

    untrybearstotheheannualproducecirculated

    byansofit,itis,perhaps,iossibletodeterhas

    beenputedbydifferentauthorsatafifth,atatenth,ata

    tall

    soevertheproportiononeyybeartothe

    heannualproduce,asbutapart,andfrequently

    butasllpart,ofthatproduce,iseverdestinedforthe

    intenanustalonsiderable

    proportiontothatpart.herefore,bythesubstitutionof

    paper,thegoldandsilveecessaryforcirculationisreduced

    to,perhaps,afifthpartoftheforrquantity,ifthevalueof

    onlythegreaterpartoftheotherfourfifthsbeaddedtothe

    fundsaintenanust

    keaverynsiderableadditiontothequantityofthat

    industry,and,nsequently,tothevalueoftheannualproduce

    oflandandlabour.

    aionofthiskindhas,hinthesefiveandty

    orthirtyyears,beenperfordinstland,bytheereof

    nepaniesinalsteverynsiderabletown,andeven

    insountryvillages.theeffectsofithavebeenprecisely

    thoseabovedesost

    entirelyeansofthepaperofthosedifferent

    bankingpanies,entsofkindsare

    nlyde.silververyseldoppearsexceptinthegeof

    ater.butthough

    thenductofallthosedifferentpanieshasnotbeen

    uionable,andhasaglyrequiredanactof

    parlianttulateit,theuntry,nothstanding,has

    evidentlyderivedgreatbefroheirtrade.ihaveheardit

    asserted,thatthetradeofthecityofglasgo

    fifteenyearsafterthefirstereofthebanksthere;and

    thatthetradeofstlandhasrethanquadrupledsihe

    firstereofthetedinburgh,ofhe

    one,calledthebankofstland,ablishedbyactof

    parliantin1695;theother,calledtheroyalbank,byroyal

    charterin1727.herthetrade,eitherofstlandin

    general,orthecityofglasgoicular,hasreally

    increasedinsogreataproportion,duringsoshortaperiod,i

    donotpretendtoknohasincreasedinthis

    proportion,itseetobeaoogreattobeated

    forbythesoleoperationofthiscause.thatthetradeand

    industryofstland,horeasedverynsiderably

    duringthisperiod,andthatthebankshaventributedagood

    dealtothisincrease,otbedoubted.

    thevalueofthesilverneyedinstland

    beforetheunion,in1707,anddiatelyafterit,was

    broughtintothebankofstlandiobereined,

    auol411,11710s.9d.sterling.noathasbeengot

    ofthegoldin;butitappearsfroheaatsofthe

    ntofstland,thatthevalueofthegoldannuallyined

    soany

    people,too,uponthisoccasion,adiffidenceof

    repaynt,didntheirsilverintothebankofstland:

    andthereeenglishincalled

    in.thehegoldandsilver,therefore,h

    atedat

    lessthanallionsterling.itseetohavenstitutedalst

    theionofthatuntry;forthoughthecirculation

    ofthebankofstland,hennorival,was

    nsiderable,itseetohavedebutaverysllpartofthe

    esthe

    ...
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