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正文 第6节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

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    eighteenllions,eanonlytoexpresstheauntofthe

    talpieces,eputed,orratherhave

    supposedtocirculateinthatuntry.butan

    iseannlyto

    expressnotonlytheauntofthetalpieceshare

    annuallypaidtohibutthevalueofthegoodshhe

    annuallypure.eannlytoascertain

    ishttobehishequantityandquality

    ofthenecessariesandnvenienciesoflifeinh

    proprietyindulgehielf.

    ofney,eannotonlyto

    expresstheauntofthetalpiecesofposed,

    buttoineobscurereferehe

    goods,thehor

    revehiscasedenotes,isequalonlytooneof

    thetatedsobiguouslyby

    thesaoreproperlythantothe

    forr,totheneysoreproperlythantotheney.

    thusifaguiheicular

    person,hetheurseofthehita

    usents.

    inproportionasthisquantityisgreatorsll,soarehisreal

    riches,hisrealainly

    notequalbothtotheguinea,andtobepurchasedh

    it,butonlytooherofthoseto

    thelatterreproperlythantotheforr,totheguineas

    hratherthantotheguinea.

    ifthepensionofsuchaperson,notin

    gold,butinaweeklybillfuinea,hisrevenuesurelywould

    notsoproperlynsistinthepieceofpaper,asinhe

    uldgetforit.aguineaybensideredasabillfora

    certainquantityofnecessariesandnvenienciesuponallthe

    tradesnintheneighbourhood.therevehepersonto

    itispaid,doesnotsoproperlynsistinthepieceofgold,as

    inhegetforit,orinheexgeitfor.if

    ituldbeexgedfoothing,itwould,likeabillupona

    bankrupt,beofnorevaluethauselesspieceof

    paper.

    thoughthehedifferent

    inhabitantsofanyuntry,inthesanner,ybe,andin

    realityfrequentlyispaidtotheheirrealriches,

    hotaken

    together,stalallinproportiontothe

    quantityofnsublegoodspurchase

    ohetakeher

    isevidentlynotequaltoboththeneyandthensuble

    goods;butonlytooherofthosetothe

    latterreproperlythantotheforr.

    thoughly,therefore,expressapersonsrevenue

    bythetalpieces,itisbecause

    theauntofthosepiecesregulatestheextentofhispowerof

    purchasing,orthevalueofthegoodshhenually

    affordtonsu.illnsiderhisrevenueasnsistingin

    thispoing,andnotinthepieces

    .

    butifthisissuffitlyevidentevenhregardtoan

    individual,itisstillresardtoasociety.the

    auntofthetalpiecesoan

    individual,isoftenpreciselyequaltohisrevenue,andisupon

    thatattheshortestaexpressionofitsvalue.but

    theauntofthetalpieceseinasociety

    neverbeequaltotherevenueofallitsers.asthesa

    guioday,ypay

    thatofaorrohatofathirdtheday

    thereafter,theauntofthetalpieceshannually

    circulateinanyuntrystaluchlessvaluethan

    theoneypensionsannuallypaid.butthepower

    ofpurchasing,oodsh

    theoneypensionsastheyaresuccessivelypaid,

    stalevaluehthosepensions;

    asstlike

    theyarepaid.thatreveherefore,otnsistinthose

    talpieuferiortoits

    value,butinthepohegoodsh

    suhandto

    hand.

    herefore,thegreation,thegreat

    instruntofrentsoftrade,

    thoughitkesapartandaveryvaluablepartofthecapital,

    kesnopartoftherevehesocietytobelongs;

    andthoughthetalpiecesofposed,inthe

    urseoftheirannualanthe

    reveheyketheelvesno

    partofthatrevenue.

    thirdly,andlastly,theesandinstruntsoftrade,

    etc.,posethefixedcapital,bearthisfurther

    reselahatpartofthecirculatingcapitalh

    nsistsihataseverysavingintheexpenseof

    ereaes,inish

    theproduentofthe

    revehesociety,soeverysavingintheexpenseof

    llegandsuppthatpartofthecirculatingcapital

    oney,isanirovelythesa

    kind.

    itissuffitlyobvious,andithaspartly,too,been

    explainedalready,inannereverysavingintheexpenseof

    suppthefixedentoftherevenue

    ofthesociety.thealoftheuakerofeverywork

    isnecessarilydividedbeting

    capital.e,thesller

    theo,thegreaterstnecessarilybetheother.itis

    thecirculatingcapitalaterialsandwages

    oflabour,andputsindustryintotion.everysaving,

    therefore,intheexpenseofintainingthefixedcapital,h

    doesnotdinishtheproductivepoustincrease

    thefundotion,andnsequentlythe

    annualproduceoflandandlabour,therealrevenueofevery

    society.

    thesubstitutionofpaperintheroofgoldandsilver

    ney,replaere

    esequallynve.circulation

    estobecarriedonbyaslessboth

    toeredtointainthantheoldoinanner

    thisoperationisperford,andiendsto

    increaseeitherthegrossortherevehesociety,is

    notaltogethersoobvious,andythereforerequ

    ...
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