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正文 第5节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.tworder,the

    sanueroflabourersandlabcattleuch

    greaterproducethaninoneofequalextentandequallygoround,butnotfuishedhequalnveniencies.in

    nufacturesthesanuerofhands,assistedhthebest

    ery,uchgreaterquantityofgoodsthan

    oreierfestruntsoftrade.theexpensehis

    properlylaidoutuponafixedcapitalofanykind,isalways

    repaidhgreatprofit,andincreasestheannualproducebya

    chgreatervaluethanthatofthesupporthsuch

    iroventsrequire.thissupport,hoillrequiresa

    aterials,

    andthelabourofacertainnuerofen,bothofh

    ghthavebeeelyeloyedtoaugntthefood,

    clothingandlodging,thesubsistendnveniehe

    soploynt,highly

    advantageousindeed,butstilldifferentfrohisois

    uponthisaentsinics,as

    ehesanuerofentoperfornequalquantityof

    plererythanhadbeenusual

    before,arealageoustoeverysociety.a

    aterials,andthelabourofacertainnuer

    ofen,ployedinsuppare

    plexandexpensiveery,aftero

    augntthequantityofaeryis

    usefulonlyforperf.theuakerofsogreat

    nufaaintenanceof

    hisery,ifhereducethisexpeofivehundredwill

    naturallyeloytheotherfivehundredinpurchasingan

    additionalquantityofterialstobeupbyan

    additionalnuerofen.thequantityofthatwork,

    therefore,aerying,

    ented,andhitalltheadvantageand

    nvehatwork.

    theexpenseofintainingthefixedcapitali

    untryyveryproperlybeparedtothatofrepairsina

    privateestate.theexpenseofrepairsyfrequentlybe

    necessaryforsupptheproduceoftheestate,and

    nsequentlyboththegrossaofthelandlord.

    oreproperdire,hoinished

    inutionofproduce,thegrossrent

    reinsatleastthesaasbefore,ais

    necessarilyaugnted.

    butthoughtheaintainingthefixed

    capitalisthusnecessarilyexcludedfroherevehe

    soecaseaintainingthe

    circulatingcapital.ofthefourpartsofhislatter

    oney,provisions,terials,andfinished

    hethreelast,ithasalreadybeenobserved,areregularly

    it,andplacedeitherinthefixedcapitalofthe

    sodiatensution.

    ablegoodsiseloyedin

    intainingthefoesalltothelatter,andkesapart

    oftherevehesociety.theintehosethree

    partsofthecirculatingcapital,therefore,hdraion

    oftheannualproducefroherevehesociety,

    besidesaintainingthefixedcapital.

    thecirculatingcapitalofasocietyisinthisrespect

    differentfrohatofanindividual.thatofanindividualis

    totallyexakinganypartofhisrevenue,h

    stnsistaltogetherinhisprofits.butthoughthe

    akesapartofthatof

    thesocietytoisnotuponthatat

    totallyexakingapartlikeheiet

    revehoughtheerustbyno

    ansbeplahisodiate

    nsution,theyyinthatofotherpeople,a

    revenuederivedfrotherfunds,yregularlyreplacetheir

    valuetohitogetherhitsprofits,houtoccasioningany

    dinutioherofhiscapitaloroftheirs.

    herefore,istheonlypartofthecirculating

    capitalofasociety,ofaintenanoccasionany

    dinutionirevenue.

    thefixedcapital,andthatpartofthecirculatingcapital

    oney,sofarastheyaffecttherevehe

    society,bearaverygreatreselaooher.

    first,asthoseesandinstruntsoftrade,etc.,

    requirea,andaftero

    supportthebothakeapartofthe

    gross,arededutherevehesociety;sothe

    stoorequirea

    certainexpense,firsttollectit,andafterosupport

    it,bothakeapartofthegross,

    are,inthesanner,dedutherevehe

    soaterials,goldand

    silver,andofveryentingthe

    stodiatensution,thesubsistence,

    nvenienployedin

    suppthatgreatbutexperuntofrce,by

    ansofhesocietyhashis

    subsistenveniencies,asregularlydistributed

    tohintheirproperproportions.

    sendly,astheesandinstruntsofatrade,etc.,

    posethefixedcapitaleitherofanindividualorofa

    society,kenoparteitherofthegrossoroftherevenue

    ofeither;soney,byansofhehe

    soeers,

    kesitselfnopartofthatrevehegreatwheelof

    thegoodshare

    circulatedbyansofit.therevehesocietynsists

    altogetherinthosegoods,andnotinthees

    theinputiherthegrossortherevenueofany

    society,ustaltheirionof

    neyandgoods,deducttheoney,ofh

    notasihingeverkeanypartofeither.

    itistheaiguityoflanguageonlyakethis

    propositionappeareitherdoubtfulorparadoxical.whenproperly

    explainedanduood,itisalstselfevident.

    ois

    annothingbutthetalpiecesofposed;and

    sotiseaningsoobscurereferehe

    goods,ortothepowerof

    purchasinghepossessionofithuswhenwesay

    thatthecirculatingneyofenglandhasbeenpute

    ...
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