小说站
小说站 欢迎您!
小说站 > 历史军事 > 国富论(英文版)

正文 第4节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

    台湾小说网  www.192.tw台湾小说网  www.192.tw台湾小说网  www.192.twrsellshisandhiscattle,hisflax

    andhisepersonofhechoosesto

    purentsoftradeh

    heoney,h

    anufactured

    producehehasoccasionfor.landevenreplaces,inpartat

    least,thecapitalsinesare

    cultivated.itistheproduceofland

    theers;anditistheproduceofthesurfaceoftheearth

    ineralsfrotsbowels.

    theproduines,andfisheries,heir

    naturalfertilityisequal,isinproportiontotheextentand

    properappliployedaboutthehe

    capitalsareequalandequallyisinproportion

    totheiaturalfertility.

    inalluntrieshereistolerablesecurity,every

    nofandingployever

    stoentor

    futureprofit.ifitiseloyedi,

    itisastodiatensution.ifitis

    eloyedinproustprocurethisprofit

    eitherstaying,oingfroiintheonecaseit

    isfixed,iheritisacirculatingcapital.anstbe

    perfectlycrazyhereistolerablesecurity,doesnot

    eloyallthestods,herbehisownor

    borroeoherofthosethree

    ways.

    inthoseunforturies,indeed,enare

    ntinuallyafraidofthevioleheirsuperiors,they

    frequentlyburyandncealagreatpartoftheirstoorder

    tohaveitaltosoplaceof

    safety,iheirbeingthreatenedhanyofthose

    disasterstoselvesasatalltis

    exposed.thisissaidtobeanpractiturkey,in

    indostan,and,ibelieve,instoventsofasia.it

    seetohavebeenanpractigouraorsduring

    theviolereasuretrovewasin

    thosetisnsideredasiblepartoftherevenueof

    thegreatestsnsineurope.itnsistedinsuchtreasure

    asheearth,andtoicular

    personuldproveanyright.thisesas

    soiortantahatitonsideredas

    belongingtothesn,ahertothefiothe

    proprietoroftheland,uherighttoithadbeennveyed

    tothelatterbyanexpressclauseinhischarter.it

    uponthesafootingines,hout

    aspecialclauseinthecharter,obe

    prehehegeneralgrantofthelands,thoughnesof

    lead,pper,tin,andalaller

    nsequence.

    chapterii

    ofneynsideredasaparticularbranchofthegeneralstock

    ofthesoaintainiional

    capital

    ithasbeenshohefirstbook,thatthepriceofthe

    greaterpartofditiesresolvesitselfintothreeparts,of

    hehelabour,aheprofitsof

    thestodathirdtherentofthelandhhadbeen

    eloyedinprodugandbringingtheorket:thatthere

    are,indeed,soditiesofadeupof

    thosepartsonly,theheprofitsof

    stodaveryfensistsaltogetherihe

    dity

    neeone,orother,orallof

    thesethreeparts;everypartofithertorent

    nortoebody.

    sihisisthecase,ithasbeenobserved,hregardto

    everypartiustbesoh

    regardtoalltheditiesposethewholeannual

    produceofthelandandlabourofeveryuntry,takenplexly.

    theust

    resolveitselfintothesathreeparts,andbeparcelledout

    angthedifferentinhabitantsoftheuntry,eitherasthe

    heirlabour,theprofitsoftheirstock,ortherentof

    theirland.

    butthoughtheheannualproduceoftheland

    andlabourofeveryuntryisthusdividedangandnstitutes

    arevesdifferentinhabitants,yetasiofa

    privateestateinguishbethegrossrentandthe

    rent,soyherevenueofalltheinhabitantsof

    agreatuntry.

    thegrossrentofaprivateestateprehendseveris

    paidbythefarr;therent,aihe

    landlord,afterdedua,ofrepairs,

    andallotheecessarycharges;or,houthurtinghis

    estate,heaffordtoplahisstockreservedfor

    iediatensution,ortospenduponhistable,equipage,the

    oantsofhishouseandfuiture,hisprivateenjoyntsand

    asents.hisrealhisinproportion,nottohisgross,

    buttohisrent.

    thegrossrevenueofalltheinhabitantsofagreatuntry

    prehendstheheirlandandlabour;

    therevenue,aihefterdedugthe

    expenseofintainingfirst,theirfixed,and,sendly,their

    circulatingcapital;or,houtencroagupontheir

    diate

    nsution,orspendupontheirsubsistenveniencies,and

    asents.theirrealh,too,isinproportion,notto

    theirgross,buttotheietrevenue.

    theaintainingthefixedcapitalst

    evidentlybeexcludedfroherevehesociety.

    hertheterialsnecessaryforsupptheiruseful

    esandinstruntsoftrade,theirprofitablebuildings,

    etortheproduceofthelabouecessaryforfashioning

    thoseterialsintotheproperforeverkeanypartof

    it.thepriayindeedkeapartofit;asthe

    ensoeloyedyplacetheheirwagesin

    theirstodiatensution.butinother

    sortsoflabour,boththepridtheproducegotothisstock,

    thepricetothatoftheen,theproducetothatofother

    people,usents,are

    aughelabourofthoseen.

    theiionofthefixedcapitalistoihe

    produberof

    labourerstoperfreaterquantityof

    henecessarybuildings,fences,drains,

    niostperfectgood

    ...
(快捷键 ←)上一章 本书目录 下一章(快捷键 →)
全文阅读 | 加入书架书签 | 推荐本书 | 打开书架 | 返回书页 | 返回书目