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正文 第3节 文 / [英]亚当·斯密

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    asters.itnsistschieflyof

    thefourfolloicles:

    first,ofallusefulesandinstruntsoftradeh

    facilitateandabridgelabour:

    sendly,ofallthoseprofitablebuildingshe

    ansofprareveonlytotheirproprietorwho

    letstheorarent,buttothepersonand

    paysthatrentforthesuchasshops,warehouses,workhouses,

    farouses,halltheiecessarybuildings;stables,

    graeredwelling

    houses.theyareasortofinstruntsoftrade,andybe

    nsideredinthesalight:

    thirdly,oftheiroventsofland,ofhasbeen

    profitablylaidoutinanuring,

    andreduostproperfortillageand

    yveryjustlyberegardedinthesa

    lightasthoseusefulesateandabridge

    labour,andbyansofingcapital

    affordaployer.anirovedfarbr >

    isequallyadvantageousandredurablethananyofthose

    ost

    profitableapplierscapitaleloyedin

    cultivatingit:

    fourthly,oftheacquiredandusefulabilitiesofallthe

    inhabitantsorersofthesociety.theacquisitionofsuch

    talents,bytheinteheacquirerduringhiseducation,

    study,orapprenticeship,alsarealexpense,hisa

    capitalfixedandrealized,asithose

    talents,astheykeapartofhisfortune,sodotheylikewise

    ofthatofthesocietytoproved

    dexterityofaanybensideredinthesalightasa

    entoftradeatesandabridges

    labour,andhoughitstsacertainexpense,repaysthat

    expensehaprofit.

    thethirdandlastofthethreeportionsintohe

    generalstockofthesocietynaturallydividesitself,isthe

    circulatingcapital;ofhecharacteristicis,thatit

    affordsarevenueonlybyasters.itis

    posedlikes:

    first,oftheneybyansofheotherthree

    areers:

    sendly,ofthestockofprovisionshe

    possessionofthebutcher,thegrazier,thefarr,the

    ert,thebrethesaleofhey

    expecttoderiveaprofit:

    thirdly,oftheterials,ore

    orlessnufactured,ofclothes,fuiture,andbuilding,h

    aredeupintoanyofthosethreeshapes,buth

    reininthehandsofthegroanufacturers,the

    rcersanddrapers,thetierrts,thecarpentersand

    joihebrickkers,etc.

    fourthly,andlastly,oftheadeupand

    pleted,butertor

    nufacturer,anddisposedofordistributedtothe

    propernsurs;suchasthefinishedly

    findreadydeintheshopsofthesth,thecabiker,the

    goldsth,thejeert,etc.thecirculating

    aterials,

    andfiareinthehandsoftheir

    respeohatisnecessaryfor

    circulatinganddistributihoseouse

    ortonsuthe

    ofthesefourparts,threeprovisions,terials,and

    finishedherannually,orinalongerorshorter

    periularlyit,andplacedeitherinthe

    fixeddiatensution.

    everyfixed,and

    requirestobentinuallysupportedbyacirculatingcapital.

    allusefulesandinstruntsoftradeareinally

    derivedfrocirculatingcapital,aterials

    ofade,aeheenwho

    kethetheyrequire,too,aekindtokeep

    thennstantrepair.

    nofixedcapitalyieldanyrevebyansofa

    aesandinstruntsof

    tradehinghoutthecirculatingcapitalh

    affordstheterialstheyareeloyedupon,aenance

    oftheenploytheland,hoproved,will

    yieldnoreveains

    thelabourersivateasproduce.

    tointainandaugockaybereservedfor

    iediatensutionisthesoleendandpurposebothofthe

    fixedandcirculatingcapitals.itisthisstockhfeeds,

    clothes,andlodgesthepeople.theirrichesorpovertydepends

    upontheabundantorsparingsupplieshosetals

    diatensution.

    sogreatapartofthecirculatingcapitalbeingntinually

    it,iobeplatheothertwo

    branustinitstu

    requirentinualsupplies,houto

    exist.thesesuppliesareprincipallydrathreesources,

    theproduines,andoffisheries.theseafford

    ntinualsuppliesofprovisionsandterials,ofis

    afterupintofinishedhare

    replaaterials,andfinishedinually

    theioo,isdrawn

    aintainingandaugntingthatpartofit

    oney.forthough,intheordinaryurseof

    busihispartisnot,liketheotherthree,necessarily

    it,iobeplatheothertwo

    branust,however,

    likeallotherthings,beedandatlast,and

    sotis,too,beeitherlostorsentabroad,andst,

    therefore,requirentinual,though,nodoubt,chsller

    supplies.

    land,nes,andfisheries,requireallbothafixedanda

    ;andtheirproducereplaces

    haprofit,notonlythosecapitals,butalltheothersinthe

    soanufacturer

    theprovisionsedaerialshbe

    hadanufacturerreplacesto

    thefarrthefinishededandin

    thesati.thisistherealexgethatisannuallyde

    bethappensthat

    therudeproduanufacturedproduceofthe

    other,aredire

    happensthatthefar

    ...
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