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正文 第95节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

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    atthesatianarijeraitpainter

    bythenaofrobertfulttonvince

    napoleonthatari,the

    ``nautilus,andhis``steaoat,thefrenchghtbeableto

    destroythenavalsuprecyofengland.

    fultonsideaofasteainal.hehad

    undoubtedlypieditfroohnfitch,aicalgeniusof

    icuterhadfirstnavigated

    thedelaheyear1787.butnapoleon

    andhisstificadvisersdidnotbelieveinthepractical

    possibilityofaselfpropelledboat,andalthoughthestch

    builtehelittlecraftpuffedrrilyontheseihe

    greateeroegleselfofthisfordable

    ighthavegivenhiisreverafalgar.

    asforfultouedtotheuatesand,being

    apraboat

    panytogetherhrobertr.livingston,asignerof

    thedeinister

    tofranryingtosellhisiion.

    thefirststearofthisnepany,the``t,

    onopolyofalltheersofnewyork

    state,equippedhanenginebuiltbyboultonandtof

    birnghanengland,beganaregularservicebetweennew

    yorkandalbanyintheyear1807.

    asforpoorjohnfitch,thenwholongbeforeanyone

    elsehadusedthe``steaoatforrcialpurposes,he

    ptyofpurse,he

    hadetotheendofhisresourceshboat,h

    eansofascreroyed.

    hisneighboursjeeredathistheyolaugha

    hundredyearslaterructedhis

    funnyflyinges.fitchhadhopedtogivehisuntry

    aneasyaccesstothebroadriversoftheen

    preferredtotravelinflatboatsoonfoot.intheyear

    1798,inutterdespairandsery,fitchkilledhielfbytaking

    poison.

    butterof1850

    tonsandkingsixknotsanhour,theuretaniagoesjust

    fourtisasfast,savannahtoliverpool

    inthererdtioftyfivedays.thentherewas

    aothederisionoftheltitudeandintheirenthusiasbr >

    thepeoplegavethecreditfortheiiontothean.

    sixyearslater,geestephenson,ast,whohad

    beenbuildinglootivesforthepurposeofhaulingalfrobr >

    theosltingovensandttonfactories,builthis

    faus``travellingenginehepriceofalby

    alstseventypertapossibletoestablish

    thefirstregularpassengerservicebetaerand

    liverpool,citytocityatthe

    unheardofspeedoffifteenlesperhour.adozenyears

    later,thisspeedhadbeenincreasedtotilesperhour.

    atthepresentti,anyhedirectdesdant

    ofthepunylittletordrivenler

    andlevassoroftheeightiesofthelastturydobetter

    thantheseearly``puffingbillies.

    butindedengineersproving

    upontheirrattling``heatengines,agroupof``pure

    stistsnefourteenhoursofeachdaytothe

    studyofthose``theoreticalstifionahouth

    noicalprogressinga

    oleadthentothestsecretand

    hiddendoinsofnature.

    tberofgreekandron

    philosophersnotablythalesofletusandplinywhowas

    killedryingtostudytheeruptionofvesuviusofthe

    year79peiiandhereu

    theasheshadnoticedthestraicsofbitsofstrawandof

    featherberhwasbeing

    rubbedenoftheddleages

    hadnotbeeedinthissterious``electricpower.

    butiediatelyaftertherenaissance,gilbert,the

    privatephysiofqueenelizabeth,oustreatise

    ontheags.duringthe

    thirtyyearsasterdeburgandtheioroftheairpu,nstructedthe

    firstelectricale.durituryalargenuer

    ofsselvestothestudyofelectricity.

    hanthreeprofessorsiedthefausleyden

    jarintheyear1795.atthesati,benjanfranklin,

    thestuniversalgeniusofariinthoon

    nepshireonatof

    hisprobritishsyathiesbeoford

    inghisattentiontothissubject.hedisveredthat

    lightningandtheelee

    electriuedhiselectricstudiesuntiltheendof

    hisbusyandusefullife.thencavoltaous

    ``electricpileandgalvanianddayandthedanishprofessor

    hanspereandaragoandfaraday,

    alloftheiligentsearchersafterthetruenatureoftheelectric

    forces.

    theyfreelygavetheirdisveriestotheuel

    rseonbeganhiscareerasanartistthought

    thatheuldusethisssages

    froytoanother.heinteousepper

    aeed.people

    laughedathirsethereforeofinancehis

    oentsandsoonhehadspentallhisneyand

    thenhewasverypoorandpeoplelaughedevenlouder.he

    thenaskedohelphindaspecialtteeon

    rtheirsupport.buttheersof

    ngressorsehadto

    tallngressionalappropriation.

    hethenbuilta``telegraphbetoreand

    on.intheyear1887hehadshosuccessful

    ``telegraphihelecturehallsofnewyork

    uy.finally,ohofyoftheyear1844the

    firstlongdistancessageonto

    baltireandtodaythehtelegraph

    europetoasiainafew

    sends.tbellused

    theelectriccurrentforhistelephone.andhalfatury

    afterprovedupontheseideasbyiinga

    systefsendingssageshdidaway

    ...
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