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正文 第94节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

    栗子小说    m.lizi.tw台湾小说网  www.192.tw台湾小说网  www.192.twery,obefoundinthewide

    spreadexistenati

    euponogsandfill

    theairokearketplace

    andbuyalltheslavesheaverysllexpense

    andduringtheddleages,althoughslaveryhadbeen

    abolishedandonlyaldforfserfdourvived,theguilds

    disuragedtheideaofusingerybecausetheythought

    thisberoftheirbrethrenoutof

    iddleagesatallied

    inproduglargequantitiesofgoods.theirtailorsandbutchers

    andall

    nityie

    orethanrictly

    necessary.

    duringtherenaissance,heprejudicesofthechurch

    againststifivestigationsuldnolongerbeenforcedas

    rigidlyasbefore,alargenuerofodevotetheir

    livestothetiyandphysidchestry.

    thebeginningofthethirtyyearswar,

    johnnapier,ast,hadpublishedhislittlebookh

    describedthenes.duringthe

    self,gottfriedleibnitzofleipzighadperfectedthesystef

    infinitesilcalculus.eightyearsbeforethepeaceofphalia,

    nehegreatenglishnaturalphilosopher,was

    bo,andinthatsayeargalileo,theitalianastronor,

    died.ahirtyyearsroyedtheprosperity

    oftraleuropeandthereverygeneral

    iin``alche,thestrangepseudosceofthe

    ddleagesbyetalsintold.thisprovedtobeiossiblebutthealchestsintheir

    laboratoriesstuleduponnynelyhelped

    theistsheirsuccessors.

    theenprovidedthehasolid

    stifidationuponobuildeven

    thestpliberofpractical

    ndegooduseofit.theddleageshadusedwoodfor

    thefeaery.but

    easily.ironuchbetterterialbutironarce

    exostoftheslting

    eltiron,hugefireshe

    beginning,thesefireshadbeendeofgradually

    theforestshadbeenusedup.then``stohepetrified

    treesofprehistorictisalasyou

    knoobedugoutofthegroundandithastobetransported

    tothesltingovensandtheneshavetobekept

    dryfroheeverinvadingers.

    thesesobesolvedatonce.

    forthetibeing,horsesuldstillbeusedtohaultheal

    piiondeheapplication

    ofspecialery.severalito

    solvethedifficulty.theyallkneo

    beusedintheieenginewas

    veryold.heroofalexandria,hefirsttury

    beforeaery

    .thepeopleoftherenaissance

    hadplayeddrivens.the

    rquisofporaryofon,inhisbook

    ofiions,tellsofasteangine.alittlelater,intheyear

    1698,thossaveryoflondonappliedforapatentfora

    puingehesati,ahollander,christian

    huygens,ryingtoperfeengineinhgunpowder

    uchthesawayas

    otors.

    allovereurope,peoplehtheidea.denis

    papin,afren,friendandassistantofhuygens,was

    kingexperintsenginesinseveraluntries.

    heiedalittle,anda

    paddle.butriedtotakeatripinhis

    vessel,itplaintof

    theboatnsunion,hatsuchacraftwoulddeprive

    theftheirlivelihood.papinfinallydiedinlondonin

    greatpoverty,havingoneyonhisiions.

    butatthetiofhisdeath,anotherithusiast,

    thosneen,ofanew

    steau.fiftyyearslaterhisengineprovedupon

    byjasaker.intheyear

    1777,hegavetheengihatprovedof

    realpracticalvalue.

    butdurisha``heatengine,

    thepoliticallyged.thebritish

    peoplehadsucceededthedutchasthencarriersofthe

    rade.theyhadopenedupneook

    theraaterialsheloniesproducedtoengland,

    aheytuedthentofinishedproducts,andthen

    theyexportedthefinishedgoodstothefourersofthe

    hesevehtury,thepeopleofgeia

    andthecarolinashadbeguntave

    astraofahesocalled``ttonwool.

    afterthishadbeenplucked,ittoenglandandthere

    thepeopleoflancastershireintocloth.thisweaving

    esoftheen.verysoon

    anuerofiroventsadeintheprocessofweaving.

    intheyear1730,johnkayiedthe``flyshuttle.

    in1770,jashargreavesgotapatentonhis``spinning

    jenny.elieri,iedthettongin,

    itsseeds,ajobhhad

    previouslybeendonebyhandattherateofonlyapoundaday.

    finallyrichardarkundcart

    iedlargeaes,hweredrivenby

    erpohen,iiesoftheeighteenth

    tury,justheestatesgeneraloffrancehadbegun

    thosefausetingsorevolutiohepolitical

    systefeurope,theeh

    aaesofark,

    andthiscreatedanenodsocialrevolution

    aionshipinalsteverypart

    oftheworld.

    assoonasthestatiinehadprovedasuccess,the

    iorstuedtheirattentiontotheproblefpropelling

    boatsandcartseitrivance.

    selfdesignedplansfora``steaootive,but

    erehehadperfectedhisideas,intheyear1804,alootive

    debyrichardtrevithickcarriedaloadoftytonsat

    penydarranint

    ...
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