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正文 第75节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

    小说站  www.xsz.tw栗子网  www.lizi.tw栗子小说    m.lizi.twftheoldstateacy

    underseveraltonsofdecraticbricks.

    thefrenchrevolution

    thegreatfrens

    theprinciplesofliberty,

    frateityandequalityuntoall

    thepeopleoftheearth

    beforealkaboutarevolutionitisjustashat

    eans.ierofa

    greatrussianerandrussiansoughttoknothey

    aretalkingaboutinthisfieldarevolutionis``asoverthrow,

    iionsakeuries

    torootinthesoil,andseeofixedandiovablethat

    eveardentreforrshardlydaretoattackthen

    theirblingawayinabrief

    period,ofallthatuptothattihasposedtheessence

    ofsoiclifeinanation.

    sucharevolutiontookplafraheeighteenth

    turyheoldcivilisationoftheuntryhadgrown

    stale.thekinginthedaysoflouisxivhadbee

    everythinganderly

    thecivilservantofthefederalstate,founditselfhoutany

    dutiesaoftheroyalurt.

    thisfrenchstateoftheeighteeury,ho

    ihisneyhadtobeproduced

    intheforftaxes.unfortuhekingsoffrancehad

    rongenoughtoforcethenobilityandtheclergy

    topaytheirshareofthesetaxes.heaxeswerepaid

    entirelybytheagriculturalpopulation.butthepeasants

    livingindrearyhovels,nolongeriniacththeir

    forrlandlords,butvictiofcruelandiland

    agents,badtohey

    selvesincreasedretusupontheir

    landrelyaaxesandnothingfortheelves

    andthereforetheyedtheirfieldsaschastheydared.

    heysplendour

    throughthevasthallsofhispalaces,habituallyfollowedby

    hungryofficeseekers,allofliveuponthereveained

    froeasahanthebeastsofthe

    fields.itisnotapleasantpicture,butitisnotexaggerated.

    therehersidetothesocalled``an

    regiustkeepinnd.

    aiddleclass,closelyedhthenobility

    bytheusualpr

    thepoorbaronssonandaurtposedofallthest

    eainingpeopleoffrance,hadbroughtthepoliteartraent.asthebestbrains

    oftheuntryselvesh

    questionsofpolitiocs,theyspenttheiridlehours

    uponthediscussionofabstractideas.

    asfashionsihoughtandpersonalbehaviour

    arequiteaslikelytoruresasfashionindress,it

    ostartificialsocietyofthatdayshould

    takeatrendousiinple

    life.thekingandthequeen,theabsoluteanduioned

    proprietorsofthisuntrygalledfraogetherhallits

    loniesanddependeoliveinfunnylittleuntry

    housesalldressedupaslkidsandstableboysandplayed

    atbeingshepherdsinahappyvaleofahellas.around

    thetheirurtiersdaendaheirurtsis

    posedlovelyheirurtbarbersdevisedre

    andreelaborateandstlyheadgear,untilfroheerboredobr >

    andlackofrealjobs,thisificialworldofversailles

    thegreatshofar

    ahisnoisyalesscitytalkedofnothingbut

    thosesubjetheirown

    lives,justasanarvingalkofnothingexcept

    food.

    aire,theurageousoldphilosopher,play,

    historianand,andthegreateneofall

    religiousandpoliticaltyranothrobsof

    criticisteverythiedhtheestablishedorder

    ofthings,theandhis

    theatrionly.whenjean

    jaitiven

    andgavehisnteorariesdelightfuldescriptionsofthe

    happinessoftheinalinhabitantsofthispla,about

    hekleashedidaboutthechildren,uponwhose

    educationhehereghority,allfranceread

    his``sotradthissocietyinhekingand

    thestatebittertearsheyheardrousseaus

    appealforaretutotheblesseddayshereal

    sntyhadlaininthehandsofthepeopleandhe

    kinghadbeeheservantofhispeople.

    ontesquieupublishedhis``persiaersin

    inguishedpersiantravellerstutheing

    societyoffraopsyturvyandpokefunateverything

    frohekingdootheloofhissixhundred

    pastryoks,thebookiediatelythroughfour

    editionsandassuredtheerthousandsofreadersforhis

    fausdiscussionofthe``spiritofthelahe

    noblebaroheexcellentenglishsystethe

    backoffrandadvocatedinsteadofanabsolute

    narchytheestablishntofastateinheexecutive,

    thelegislativeandthejudicialpowersshouldbein

    separatehandsandshouldlyofeachother.

    on,theparisianbookseller,annouhat

    ssieursdiderot,daleert,turgotandasreofother

    distinguishedersopublishanencyclopaedia

    ontain``alltheneheneience

    andthehesideofthe

    publistsatisfactory,awoyears

    thelastoftheteshadbeenfihe

    sobelatedinterferehepoliceuldnotrepress

    theenthusiasst

    iortantbutverydangerousntributiontothediscussions

    oftheday.

    here,letgiveyoualittlewaing.whenyoureada

    novelaboutthefrenovie,

    youpressionthattherevolutionhe

    theparisslu.ithing

    ofthekind.thebappearsoftenuponthe``evolutionary

    stage,butinvariablyattheinstigationanduhe

    leadershipofthoseddleenhe

    hungryltitudeasaneffitallyintheiron

    thekingandhisurt.butthefundantalideash

    causedtherev

    ...
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