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正文 第70節 文 / [美]亨德里克•威廉•房龍

    台灣小說網  www.192.tw栗子小說    m.lizi.tw小說站  www.xsz.twoaeuropeaneirewasno

    slluaking.itronghandsandacapable

    head.peterpossessedboth.intheyear1698,thegreat

    operationofgraftingdeeuropeuponarussiawas

    perford.thepatientdidnotdie.butheover

    theshock,astheeventsofthelastfiveyearshaveshownvery

    plainly.

    russiavs.sweden

    russiaandsanyo

    decideheleading

    poheasteeurope

    intheyear1698,tsarpetersetforthuponhisfirst

    voyagetoeeurope.hetravelledbywayofberlinand

    ost

    beendroedeboatinthedudof

    hisfathersuntryho.thispassionforained

    totheendofhislife.inapracticalshowed

    itselfinhisainsaccessto

    theopensea.

    heunpopularandharshyoungrulerwasaway

    froo,thefriendsoftheoldrussianos

    tos.asuddenrebellionang

    hislifeguards,thestreltsiregint,forcedpetertohasten

    hobythefastil.heappointedhielfexecutionerin

    chiefareltsieredandkilledto

    thelastn.sistersophia,heheadofthe

    rebellion,erandtheruleofpeterbe

    ga.thisseedintheyear1716when

    peterhadgoneonhissehe

    reaariesfolloheleadershipofpetershalfted

    son,alexis.agaisarretuedihaste.alexis

    ehinhisprisoncellandthefriendsofthe

    oldfashionedbyzantinearchedthousandsofdreary

    lestotheirfiinationinthesiberianleadnes.

    afterthat,nofurtheroutbreaksofpopulardisook

    plainpeace.

    itisogiveyoualistofhisreforinological

    order.thetsarhfurioushaste.hefollowed

    nosysteheissuedhisdecreeshsuchrapiditythatitis

    diffiedtofeelthateverything

    thathadeverhappenedbeforeirelyhewhole

    ofrussiathereforestbegedhintheshortestpossible

    ti.behindayof

    200,000nandanavyoffiftyships.theoldsystefgovent

    hadbeenabolishedoveight.thedu,orion

    ofnobles,hadbeendisssedandinitsstead,thetsar

    hadsurroundedhielfhanadvisoryboardofstateofficials,

    calledthesenate.

    russiaentsorprovinces.

    roadsructed.to.industries

    edpleasedthetsar,houtanyregard

    forthepresenceofraaterial.alsines

    ountainsoftheeast.inthislandofilliterates,

    schoolsentsofhigherleaing,

    togetherhuiesandhospitalsandprofessional

    senandartisans

    frollovertheovetorussia.

    printingshopsustbefirstread

    bytheierialsors.thedutiesofeachclassofsociety

    ofcivilandallaheredintoaseriesofprinted

    volus.theoldrussianstusperial

    deen,ardhscissors,g

    alltheuntryroads,ou

    jikssuddenlyintoapleasingitationofsothshaven.

    europeans.

    inreligioustters,thetsartoleratednodivisionof

    poustbenoceofarivalrybetweenan

    eerorandapopeashadhappenedineurope.intheyear

    1721,peterdehielfheadoftherussianchurch.the

    patriarosheholysynod

    deitsappearahehighestsourceofauthorityinall

    ttersoftheestablishedchurch.

    sinsuldnotbesuccess

    fulentshadarallyingpointinthe

    toovehisgoventtoa

    theuhyrshesofthebalticsea

    thetsarbuiltthishelandin

    theyear1703.fortythousandpeasantsworkedforyears

    tolaythefoundationsforthisierialcity.theswedes

    attackedpeterandtriedtodestroyhistownandillnessand

    serykilledtensofthousandsofthepeasants.butthework

    r,andthereadydetown

    sooogroheyear1712,itiallyde

    perialresidence.adozenyearslater

    ithad75,000inhabitants.theywas

    floodedbytheneva.buttheterrifichetsar

    .

    erdiedin1725heheohelargestcity

    innortheeurope.

    ofurse,thissuddengrowthofsodangerousarivalhad

    beenasourceofgreathis

    side,peterhadanyadventuresof

    hisbalticrival,thekingdofsheyear1654,

    christina,theonlydaughterofgustavusadolphus,thehero

    ofthethirtyyearshethroneandhad

    goorotoendherdaysasadevoutcatholic.aprotestant

    nepheavusadolphushadsucceededthelast

    queenofthehouseofvasa.undercharlesxandcharles

    xi,theneyhadbroughtsoitshighestpoint

    ofdevelopnt.butin1697,charlesxidiedsuddenlyand

    een,charlesxii.

    thisontforanyofthenorthestates

    haded.duringthegreatreligiousheseveh

    tury,stheexpenseofheeighbours.

    thetihade,sotheohought,tobalaheat.

    atonceark

    andsaxonyontheoneside,aher.

    theraiesofpeterrouslybeaten

    byberof

    theyear1700.thenostiinglitary

    gehaties

    andfoineyearshehackedandbuedhishroughthe

    villagesandarkaic

    provinces,erdrilledandtrainedhissoldiersindistant

    russia.

    asaresult,intheyear1709,ileofpoltahe

    svitesdestroyedtheexhaustedaresofswede

    ...
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