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suetichapter,
hadakefraherulerof
europe.
thegreathespanishsuccession,beguninthe
year1701,iediatelyafterthedeathofcharlesii,thelast
ofthespanishhabsburgs,andendedin1713bythepeace
ofutrecht,reinedequallyundecided,butithadruihe
treasuryoflouis.onlandthefrenghadbeenvictorious,
butthenaviesofenglandandhollandhadspoiledall
hopeforanultitefrenchvictory;besidesthelongstruggle
hadgivenbirthtoaalprincipleofiional
politics,adeitiossibleforone
siiontorulethehehe
e.
thathesocalled``balanceofpoa
tenlaforthreeturiesithasbeenobeyedasclosely
asarethelaure.thepeopleedtheidea
intaihateurope,initsnationalistient,
uldonlysurvivehereshouldbeanabsolutebalance
ofthenynfligisoftheei.
nosinglepousteverbealloo
doheothers.durihirtyyearshe
habsburgshadbeeioftheapplicationofthislaw.
they,hos.theissuesduring
thatstrugglerife
thataintendencies
ofthatgreatnflieon,osee
hoisiderationsandcalculationsprevailin
allttersofiionaliortance.he
developntofahestatesnhthe
personalfeelingsoftheslideruleandthecashregister.jan
dethefirstsuccessfulexpoofthisnehool
ofpolitics.iiihefirstgreatpupil.andlouis
xiveandglory,.
therehavebeennyotherssince.
theriseofrussia
thestoryofthesterioussvite
eireupon
thegrandpoliticalstageofeurope
intheyear1492,asyouknobusdisveredarica.
earlyintheyear,atyrolesebythenaofsups,
travellingastheheadofastificexpeditionforthe
archbishopoftyrol,andprovidedhthebestletters
ofintroduythical
toossucceed.he
frontiersofthisvastsvitestatehwasvaguelysupposed
toexistireeastepartofeurope,hewas
firytuedbanersed.and
supstovisittheheathenturkinnstantinople,in
orderthatheghthavesothingtoreporttohisclerical
sterebackfroisexplorations.
sixtyoneyearslater,richardcelltodisver
thenortheastepassagetotheindies,andblownby
anillouthofthedwina
andfouevillageofkholgory,afewhours
frohespothetohangelwasfounded.
thistithefnvisitorse
tosselvestothegrandduke.they
rcialtreaty
everncludedbetheeher
nationssoonfolloethingbeohis
steriousland.
geographically,russiaisavastplain.theuraluntains
arelonobarrieragainstihe
riversarebroadbutoftenshalloerritoryfor
nods.
aneireerand
disappearedagain,slavictribes,their
hosiralasia,lesslythroughtheforests
andplainsoftheregiohederanddnieper
rivers.thegreekshadsotisttheseslavsandafew
travellersofthethirdandfourth.
otherheytleknohenevadaindians
intheyear1800.
unfortunatelyforthepeaitivepeoples,a
verynveraderouteranthroughtheiruntry.this
ainroadfroortheeuropetonstantinople.
itfolloheastofthebaltitilthenevahed.
thenitcrossedlakeladogaandsouthhe
volkhovriver.thenthroughlakeilnandupthesll
lovatriver.thentherepeuntilthednieper
hedotheblacksea.
thenorsenknehisroadataveryearlydate.in
theniurytheybegaleinnortherussia,just
asotheorsenhefoundationforindepe
statesingernyandfraintheyear862,three
norsen,brothers,all
dynasties.ofthethreebrothers,onlyone,rurik,livedfora
nuerofyears.hetookpossessionoftheterritoryofhis
brothers,andtyyearsafterthearrivalofthisfirst
norsen,aslavicstatehadbeeablishedhkievasits
capital.
froievtotheblackseaisashortdistance.soonthe
existeneknownin
nstantihisantanehezealous
ssiohechristianfaith.byzantinenksfollohe
dheirhheheartof
russia.theyfoundthepeegods
ountain
caves.theytaughtthehestoryofjesus.therewas
ionfrohesideofronssiohese
goodnoobusyedugtheheatheonsto
botheraboutthedistantslavs.hencerussiareceiveditsreligion
anditsalphabetanditsfirstideasofartandarchitecture
frohebyzantinenksandasthebyzantineeirea
reliftheeasteroneirehadbeeveryoriental
andhadlostnyofitseuropeantraits,therussianssuffered
innsequence.
politicallyspeakingthesehegreatrussian
plainsdidnotfarehenorsehabittodivide
everyianceequallyangallthesons.nosoonerhad
asllstatebeenfouito
oineheirsulefttheirterritorytoaneverincreasing
nuerofdesdants.itall
petingstatesshouldquarrelangtheelves.anarchy
heorderoftheday.andheredgloheeaste
horizontoldthepeopleofthethreatenedinvasionofasavage
asiatictribe,thelittlestatesoooodivide
...