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第六章 非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。台湾小说网
www.192.tw非谓语动词分为三种形式:动名词,不定式和分词分词包括现在分词和过去分词。
1动名词
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing beingdone
完成式 havingdone havingbeendone
2不定式
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 todo tobedone
完成式 tohavedoohavebeendone
3分词
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing beingdone
完成式 havingdone havingbeendone
否定形式:not不定式, not动名词, not现在分词
6.动名词
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称动名词。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示以及物动词e为例,不及物动词没有语态的变化。
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 ien
完成式 havingten havien
6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1作主语。例如:
fightingbrokeoutbethesouthah.南方与北方开战了。
2作宾语
a.有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:
adt承认 appreciate感激 avoid避免 plete完成 nsider认为 delay耽误
deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 fancy想象
finish完成 igine想象 nd介意 ss想念 postpone推迟 practice训练
recall回忆 resent讨厌 resu继续 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议
face面对 include包括 stand忍受 uand理解 five宽恕 keep继续
例如:indtuingdotle,please你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗
thesquirrelissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。栗子小说 m.lizi.tw
b.有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如:
adtto preferto beusedto leadto devoteoo objectto
stickto nogood nouse befondof lookforo beproudof
bebusy thelp betiredof becapableof beafraidof thinkof
burstout keepon insiston untoabout
putoff begoodat takeup giveup besuccessfulin
3作表语,对主语说明、解释。例如:
herjobisakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较:sheisakingcareofthechildren.
4作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如:
aingdeskadeskf写字台
asngpoolapoolsng游泳池
有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如:
boilingpoiurepoihingbeginstoboil沸点
aractoratractore手扶拖拉机
6.2 h的用法
h,hy,hwhile都是形容词,意为”值得”。
1.h:behn. 当名词为金钱时,表示”值得”
常见的有itseoneswhiledoing
behdoingsth. ”某事值得被做”
thequestionisnothdiscussingagainandagain.这问题不值得反复讨论。
2.hy:behyofn. 当名词为抽象名词时表示”值得”
behytobedone”某事值得被做”
thequestionisnothytobediscussedagainandagain.
3.hhodosth ”值得做某事”
itistojointheclub.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。栗子网
www.lizi.tw
典型例题
itisnottodiscussthequestionagainandagain.
a.h b.hy c.hhwhile
答案c.由h的用法可知,此句只适合词组behodosth.。选c。
6.3动名词不定式、分词练习
1. 1.iynd.
a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartingd.tohavebeenstarting
2. 2.iintehettereguestshen.
a.discussb.discussingc.havingdiscussedd.tohavediscussed
3. 3.dochyou.
a.dothatagainb.todothatagainc.doingthatagaind.dohatagain
4. 4.therearenykindsoftals.
a. a.eachhasitsspecialpropertiesb.onehasitsspecialproperties
b. b.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesd.havingitsspecialproperties
5. 5.itspayday,andtheyreing.
a.forpayingb.tobepaidc.tobepayingd.tohavepaid
6. 6.trouble,ioingtetthewholeaffair.
a.thenrathercauseb.rathercausing
c.ratherthancaused.ratherthancaused
7. 7.thebrillianslaugh.
a.soastob.suchastoc.sothatd.suchthat
8. 8.children,nsistent,andrationalareinedhighlevelsofselfnfidence.
a.possessb.havepossessedc.topossessd.possessing
9. 9.theaying.
a.toobusyb.enoughbusyc.busytood.busyenough
10. 10.“didyoudointhegarden”
“iyfatherhistorbike.”
a.torepairb.repairedc.repairingd.repairs
11. 11.usthaveanehehehouse.
a.toseeb.seec.seeingd.seen
12. 12.indueansageneralnspecialfacts.
a.toetob.toinge
13. 13.iotgoingtoasktheteacherethatgrade;iintend.
a.toletrestthetterb.thettertobeletresting
atterrest
14. 14.ihavetriedit.
a.tostopnsciouslyb.tonsciouslystop
sciousstoppingd.tostoppingnsciously
15. 15.“doyoutogiveatalkonthatsubject”
“iprefer.”
a.notb.notingotgivingd.notto
16. 16.ithetruthofyourrerks,althoughtheygoagainstis.
a.itb.it
ittingd.itting
17. 17.sincesheisangry,we.
a.hadbetterleavingheraloneb.shouldleaveheralone
c.ghtasherleaveheralone
18. 18.idontalloyoffiilyatall.
a.toskeskingb.skingtoske
oketosked.skingsking
19. 19.youshouldreerfrohepointposition.
a.donttowander
20. 20.graceadvisedustohdraw.
a.soastogetnotinvolvedb.soasnottogetinvolved
c.sothattogetnotinvolvedd.asnottogetinvolved
21. 21.heranalltheinutesbefore.
a.iofindb.soastofindlytofindd.suchastofind
22. 22.gee.
a.toliveb.toliveinc.forlivingd.tobelivingin
23. 23.youshouldreallyavoidathoaloneasheisoldandill.
a.yourfatherstayb.yourfathertostay
c.yourfathersstayingd.yourfatherays
24. 24.johndidnttoriskashehadonlyo.
a.gettingb.togetc.beinggotd.tobegotten
25. 25.iisappoiheneedinourclub,butthereisnopointaboutit.
a.tohusorry
26. 26.itoreney.
a.youtotryb.ofyc.tryingyoud.y
27. 27.thelaars
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