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www.xsz.twposedtheelvesthefeeble
desdants.
thefirsthalfofthehturyheeraofthe
greathistoricaldisveries.everyorianswerebusy
publishingdiaevalchartersandearlydiaevalicles
andineveryuntrytheresultheold
fatherland.agreatdealofthissentinthe
erpretationofhistoricalfacts.butinpracticalpolitics,
itdoesnottteristrue,buteverythingdepends
uponostuntries
boththekingsandtheirsubjectsfirybelievedintheglory
andfaoftheiraors.
thengressofvieal.
theirexcellenciesdividedthepofeuropeagtothe
bestisofhalfadozendynastiesandput``national
aspirationsupontheindex,orlistofforbiddenbooks,together
hallerous``frenchdoes.
buthistoryisnorespeereason
orotheritybeanhistoricallahusfarhas
esedtobe
ofhunsocietyand
theattettostehistideeasunsuccessfulasthe
tteithinking.
curiouslyenoughthefirsttroublebeganinaverydistant
partoftheerica.thespanishlonies
ofthathadbeenenjoyingaperiodofrelativeindependence
duringthenyyearsofthegreatnapoleonicwars.
theyhadevenreinedfaithfultotheirkingwhenhewas
takenprisohefrencheerorandtheyhadrefused
tnisejosephbonaparte,heyear1808been
dekingofspainbyorderofhisbrother.
iheonlypartofariuchupset
bytherevolutionheislandofhaiti,theespagnolaof
luusfirsttrip.hereintheyear1791thefrenvention,
inasuddenoutburstofloveandhunbrotherhood,
hadbestoheirblackbrethrenalltheprivilege**herto
eheirasters.justassuddenlytheyhad
repehisstep,buttheattettoundotheinal
proseledtonyyearsofterribleweengeneral
leclerc,thebrotherinlalouverture,
thenegrochieftain.intheyear1801,toussaintwas
askedtovisitleclerddiscussterofpeace.hereceived
thesoleprosethatheolested.hetrusted
hiseadversaries,onboardashipandshortly
afterthenegroesgained
theirindependehesaandfoundedarepublic.
iallytheyhelptothefirstgreatsouth
aripatriotinhiseffortstodeliverhisnativeuntry
frohespanishyoke.
sinbolivar,anativeofcaravenezuela,boin
theyear1783,hadbeeneducatedinspain,hadvisitedparis
entatwork,had
livedforaheuatesandhadretuedtohis
nativelaagainstspain,
thetheruntry,.
intheyear1811,venezueladeclareditsindependend
bolivarbeeoftherevolutienerals.hin
tonths,therebelsedandbolivarfled.
forthefiveyearsheheleaderofanapparently
lostcause.hesacrificedallhishandhehave
beeobeginhisfinalandsuccessfulexpeditionhout
thesupportofthepresidentofhaiti.thereaftertherevolt
spreadalloversoutharidsoonitappearedthatspain
abletosuppresstherebellionunaided.sheaskedfor
thesupportoftheholyalliance.
thisstepgreatlyishshippers
hadsucceededthedutchasthencarriersoftheworld
andtheyexpeadeclarationof
independenerica.theyhad
hopesthattheuatesoaricaerferebut
thesenatehadnosuchplansandinthehouse,too,therewere
nyvoiceshatspainoughttobegivena
freehand.
justthen,thereinistersinengland.
theanning
becasecretaryofstate.hedroppedahintthatengland
erienthallthe
ghtofherfleet,ifsaidgovents
disapprovaloftheplansoftheholyallianregardtothe
rebelliouslohesouthe.presidentnroe
thereupon,onthe2ndofdeceeroftheyear1823,addressed
ngressandstatedthat:``arisider
anyattetoofthealliedpooextendtheir
systeoanyportionofthisisphereasdangerous
toourpeadsafety,andgaveeri
goventionoofthe
holyallianceasaionofanunfriendlydisposition
toheuates.fourer,thetextofthe
``riheenglishneersand
theersoftheholyalliaheir
choice.
tteichhesitated.personallyhewouldhavebeenwilling
toriskthedispleasureoftheuateshhad
alloyandnavytofallintosiheend
oftheangloariheyear1812.butings
threateningattitudeandtroubleoiforcedhibr >
tobecareful.theexpeditioookpladsouth
aridxigaiheirindependence.
asforthetroublesoiofeurope,theywere
ingfastandfurious.theholyalliancehadsentfrench
troopstospaintoactasguardiansofthepeatheyear
1820.austriantroopshadbeenusedforasilarpurposein
italyhe``carbonarithesecretsocietyofthecharal
buersakingpropagandaforaualyandhad
causedarebellionagainsttheunspeakableferdinandof
naples.
badneefroussiahedeathofalexander
hadbeenthesignforarevolutionaryoutbreakinst.
petersburg,ashortbutbloodyupheaval,thesocalleddekaberist
revoltbeber,hended
berofgoodpatriotswhohad
beendisgustedbythereaofalexanderslastyearsand
hadtriedtogiverussiaanstitutionalfovent.
butetteichhadtriedtoassure
hielfofthentinuedsupportoftheeuropeanurtsbya
seriesofnfereaixlachapelleattroppauat
laibad
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