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正文 第20节 文 / [美]亨德里克·威廉·房龙

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    kingtoonyspeeches.theyaginative

    thanthegreeksandtheypreferredanounceofatoa

    poundofulti

    tudethe``plebe,astheasselageoffreecitizensalled

    onlytooeupoalk.they

    thereforeplacedtheactualbusinessofrunniyinto

    thehandsoftedbyauncilof

    elders,calledthesenatebecausetheeansan

    oldn.asatterofcustondpracticaladvahe

    senatorsthenobility.buttheirpowerhad

    beenstrictlydefined.

    roatoihadpassedthroughthesasortof

    strugglebethepoorandtherichhhadforced

    athenstoadoptthelaethis

    nflicthadoccurredihturyb.c.asaresultthe

    freenhadobtaiendeoflaected

    thegainstthedespotisfthearistocraticjudgesbythe

    institutionofthe``tribuhesetribunesy

    gistrates,electedbythefreen.theyhadtherighttoprotect

    aofficials

    houghttobeunjust.ansulhadtherightto

    odeath,butifthecasehadnotbeenabsolutely

    provedthetribuneuldinterfereandsavethepoor

    fellowslife.

    bute,iseeorefertoalittle

    cityofafehousandinhabitants.andtherealstrengthof

    rolayirydistrictsoutsideher

    entoftheseoutlyingprovihatro

    atanearlyageshoasalonising

    power.

    inveryearlytisrohadbeentheonlystronglyfortified

    cityiralitaly,butithadalable

    refugetootherlatintribesobeindangerof

    attack.thelatinneighbourshadregheadvantages

    ofacloseunionhsuchapoheyhadtried

    tofindabasisforsosortofdefensiveandoffensivealliance.

    otheatioians,babylonians,phoenis,

    evengreeks,ission

    oofthe``barbarians,theronsdidnothingof

    thesort.theygavethe``outsideracetobeepartners

    inan``respublionh.

    ``youtojoinus,theysaid.``verywell,goahead

    andjoiyouasifyouizens

    ofro.iuforthisprivilegeyouto

    fightforourcity,thetherofusall,shallbe

    necessary.

    the``outsiderappreciatedthisgenerosityandheshowed

    hisgratitudebyhisunsy.

    yhadbeenattacked,thefn

    residentshadvedoutasquicklyastheyuld.whydefend

    sothinothingtotheutateorary

    bhouseinheyoleratedaslongasthey

    paidtheirbillsbutyhegates

    ofro,allthelatinsrushedtoherdefeheir

    thereevenif

    theylivedahundredlesahewalls

    ofthesacredhills.

    andnodisasteruldgethissentint.in

    thebeginningofthefourthturyb.c.theed

    theiranarnear

    theriveralliaandhadrchedupoy.theyhad

    takenroaheyexpectedthatthepeoplewould

    eandsueforpeace.theyed,butnothinghappened.

    afterashorttithegaulsfoundtheelvessurroundedby

    ahostilepopulatioiossiblefortheoobtain

    supplies.aftersevennths,hungerforcedtheohdraw.

    thepolietotreatthe``fneronequal

    terhadprovedagreatsuccessandrostoerthan

    everbefore.

    thisshortaeshowsyou

    theenorusdiffereanidealofahealthy

    state,andthatoftheabodiedinthe

    toansunteduponthecheerful

    ayoperatioberof``equalcitizens.

    thecarthaginians,follopleofegypt

    andeasia,insistedupontheunreasoningandtherefore

    unsandhesefailed

    theyhiredprofessionalsoldierstodotheirfightingforthe

    youandhageofear

    suchacleverandpoyaocracyof

    carthageooight

    destroythedangerousrivalbeforeitoolate.

    butthee

    itneverpaystorushtters.theyproposedtotherons

    thattheirrespectivecitiesdraapand

    thateachtoohesecirclesasherown``sphere

    ofinfluendprosetokeepoutoftheotherfellows

    circle.theagreentptlydeand

    asprotlyhsidesthoughtitosendtheir

    arestosicilyentinvited

    fninterference.

    thehesocalledfirstpunicwar

    lastedtyfouryears.itoutonthehighseas

    andinthebeginningitseedthattheexperiencedcar

    thaginiannavya.

    folloheiraactics,thecarthaginianshipswould

    eitherraheenevesselsorbyaboldattackfroheside

    theyheiroarsandhenkillthesailorsof

    thehelplessvesselhtheirarrohfireballs.but

    ronengineersiedanehcarriedab

    bridgeaenstordthe

    hostileship.thenthereinian

    viylaetheirfleeted.

    carthageepart

    oftherondoins.

    tein

    questofpperhadtakentheislandofsardinia.carthage

    iofsilverthereuponoccupiedallofsouthespain.

    thisdeans.the

    latterdidnotlikethisatallandtheyorderedtheirtroopsto

    crossthepyreneesandyofoccupation.

    thestageforthesendoutbreakbethetwo

    rivals.reekloextforawar.

    thecarthaginiansoast

    ofspain.thesaguntiansappealedtoroandro,as

    usual,isedthehelpof

    thelatinares,butthepreparationforthi

    ...
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